{"id":21993,"date":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/?p=21993"},"modified":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","slug":"disappearing-fish-industrial-catches-for-fishmeal-in-the-baltic-are-vanishing-important-bycatches-of-salmon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/sv\/disappearing-fish-industrial-catches-for-fishmeal-in-the-baltic-are-vanishing-important-bycatches-of-salmon\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00f6rsvinnande fisk! Industriellt fiske efter fiskmj\u00f6l i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n sl\u00e5r ut viktiga bif\u00e5ngster av lax"},"content":{"rendered":"

Inom hela EU omfattas fiskare av str\u00e4nga kontroll\u00e5tg\u00e4rder. Bef\u00e4lhavaren m\u00e5ste formellt rapportera uppskattade f\u00e5ngster, angivna i vikt och art. N\u00e4r dessa landningar kontrolleras finns det en toleransmarginal p\u00e5 10% per art, \u00e4ven om f\u00e5ngster fr\u00e5n \u00d6stersj\u00f6n till\u00e5ts en marginal p\u00e5 20%. Detta \u00e4r en del av EU:s insatser f\u00f6r att bek\u00e4mpa olagligt fiske och s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla mer exakta f\u00e5ngstrapporter f\u00f6r f\u00f6rvaltningen.<\/span><\/p>\n

EU antog sin nya<\/span> Fiskerikontrollf\u00f6rordningen 2024<\/span><\/a> med striktare regler f\u00f6r f\u00e5ngstrapportering p\u00e5 plats f\u00f6r alla fiskare. Kommissionen har dock beviljat de fartyg som har de st\u00f6rsta blandade och osorterade f\u00e5ngsterna, som till st\u00f6rsta delen g\u00e5r till fiskmj\u00f6lsfabriker och d\u00e4rigenom exporteras utanf\u00f6r unionen, ett undantag fr\u00e5n kraven p\u00e5 feltolerans vid rapportering., <\/span>f\u00f6rutsatt att de anl\u00e4nder till n\u00e5gon av sju upptagna hamnar<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dessa hamnar \u00e4r alla bel\u00e4gna i baltiska medlemsstater, varav sex i Danmark och en i Lettland. Danmark \u00e4r det EU-land som har den st\u00f6rsta volymen landningar, och ett icke-selektivt fiske med tr\u00e5lare har nu gynnats ytterligare av kommissionen genom best\u00e4mmelserna om f\u00f6rtecknade hamnar.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Enligt kommissionen \u00e4r \u201ctoleransmarginalen den maximalt till\u00e5tna skillnaden mellan bef\u00e4lhavarnas uppskattningar av f\u00e5ngsten p\u00e5 fiskefartyg och den faktiska vikten av den f\u00e5ngade fisken. Undantaget f\u00f6r (de f\u00f6rtecknade hamnarna) g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r akt\u00f6rer att dra nytta av en mer flexibel metod f\u00f6r f\u00e5ngstrapportering i loggb\u00f6cker vid ang\u00f6ring i f\u00f6rtecknade hamnar.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Som LIFE redan har rapporterat i detta <\/span>artikel<\/span><\/a>, Detta undantag gynnar oproportionerligt stora fartyg som landar stora volymer till l\u00e5gt v\u00e4rde \u2013 i synnerhet inom fiskmj\u00f6lssektorn \u2013 vilket g\u00f6r att de kan kringg\u00e5 striktare rapporteringskrav. Detta oj\u00e4mlika system s\u00e4tter andra delar av flottan i ett konkurrensm\u00e4ssigt underl\u00e4ge och v\u00e4cker allvarliga bet\u00e4nkligheter n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller insyn och h\u00e5llbarhet, vilket belyser behovet av lika villkor inom n\u00e4ringen.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande har kommissionen valt att f\u00f6rlita sig p\u00e5 ineffektiv metodik f\u00f6r att m\u00e4ta bif\u00e5ngst, n\u00e4mligen ett system f\u00f6r fj\u00e4rrelektronisk \u00f6vervakning (REM) med \u00f6vervakningskameror. Dessa har funnits p\u00e5 plats i m\u00e5nga \u00e5r och har inte visat sig vara effektiva n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller att noggrant rapportera bif\u00e5ngst, f\u00f6r att inte tala om att analysera artsammans\u00e4ttningen i osorterade f\u00e5ngster av sm\u00e5 pelagiska fiskar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

LIFE f\u00f6respr\u00e5kar anv\u00e4ndning av mer effektiva, moderna kontrollmetoder som eDNA f\u00f6r att bed\u00f6ma artsammans\u00e4ttningen i osorterade blandade pelagiska f\u00e5ngster. I \u00d6stersj\u00f6n b\u00f6r det anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka och identifiera bif\u00e5ngster av i synnerhet torsk och lax.<\/span> DTU Aqua<\/span><\/a> har bedrivit forskning och f\u00f6rs\u00f6k med denna teknik i flera \u00e5r och det regionala \u00d6stersj\u00f6fiskforumet (BaltFish) <\/span>expertgrupp f\u00f6r styrning<\/span><\/a> har ocks\u00e5 diskuterat dess till\u00e4mpning. \u00c4ven om <\/span>Det kr\u00e4vs ytterligare arbete f\u00f6r att utveckla en modell d\u00e4r eDNA-data kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att uppskatta biomassa. Ett s\u00e5dant system skulle g\u00f6ra det m\u00f6jligt att noggrant uppskatta den totala biomassan hos bif\u00e5ngstarter, vilket redan har visat sig vara effektivare \u00e4n CCTV, s\u00e4rskilt n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller att identifiera f\u00f6rekomsten av lax och torsk i osorterade blandade pelagiska f\u00e5ngster. <\/span>D\u00e4rf\u00f6r b\u00f6r s\u00e5dana tester g\u00f6ras obligatoriska f\u00f6r alla landningar i f\u00f6rtecknade hamnar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bif\u00e5ngst av lax<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lax \u00e4r en v\u00e4rdefull kommersiell art i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n som st\u00e5r inf\u00f6r flera utmaningar och som \u00e4r i akut behov av effektiva bevarande- och f\u00f6rvaltnings\u00e5tg\u00e4rder. Ett stort problem \u00e4r den betydande men ofta f\u00f6rbisedda bif\u00e5ngsten av lax i den industriella pelagiska fisket. Enligt ICES arbetsgrupp f\u00f6r utv\u00e4rdering av lax och \u00f6ring i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n (ICES 2011, <\/span>WGBAST<\/span><\/a>), har ber\u00e4kningar visat att omkring 0,1% av den totala f\u00e5ngsten kan best\u00e5 av lax i dessa industriella fisken. Detta motsvarar cirka 100 000 laxar per \u00e5r. Som j\u00e4mf\u00f6relse uppgick den totala laxkvoten f\u00f6r hela \u00d6stersj\u00f6n f\u00f6r \u00e5r 2025 till cirka 45 000 laxar. De pelagiska fartygen har vanligtvis ingen kvot f\u00f6r lax och b\u00f6r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r f\u00f6rbjudas att fiska i omr\u00e5den d\u00e4r de riskerar att f\u00e5 lax som bif\u00e5ngst.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Det finns omkring 40 unika laxbest\u00e5nd l\u00e4ngs den svenska kusten. Flera av dessa best\u00e5nd befinner sig dock i en djup kris, och p\u00e5 senare tid har vi sett ett antal <\/span>alarmerande rapporter fr\u00e5n floderna<\/span><\/a> d\u00e4r fisket antingen har stoppats eller begr\u00e4nsats kraftigt p\u00e5 grund av rekordl\u00e5ga vandringar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Genom att underl\u00e5ta att samla in korrekta uppgifter om bif\u00e5ngster av kommersiellt och ekologiskt viktiga arter som lax och torsk prioriterar kommissionen det industriella fisket framf\u00f6r bevarandet av fiskeresurserna, vilket allvarligt \u00e4ventyrar fiskeriets framtid och gynnar en viss del av flottan (fiskmj\u00f6l) samtidigt som en annan del (f\u00f6r m\u00e4nsklig konsumtion) och de samh\u00e4llen som \u00e4r beroende av den straffas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi ser ett br\u00e5dskande behov av moderna, oberoende och effektiva kontroller av det pelagiska fisket och uppmanar till att ett eDNA-baserat kontrollprogram inf\u00f6rs utan dr\u00f6jsm\u00e5l.<\/b><\/p>\n

Vi uppmanar d\u00e4rf\u00f6r den svenska regeringen, som f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande innehar ordf\u00f6randeskapet i det regionala f\u00f6rvaltningsorganet Baltfish, att s\u00e5 snart som m\u00f6jligt l\u00e4gga fram en gemensam rekommendation om detta inom gruppen.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi m\u00e5ste agera nu \u2013 vi har verktygen, och det \u00e4r en skam att forts\u00e4tta blunda f\u00f6r dessa viktiga fiskar som h\u00e5ller p\u00e5 att f\u00f6rsvinna och de sociala konsekvenser som f\u00f6ljer.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Across the EU, fishers face stringent control measures. The captain has to formally report\u00a0 estimated catches, in terms of weight and species. When these landings are controlled there is a margin of tolerance of 10% per species, although catches from the Baltic are allowed a margin of 20%. This is part of European efforts to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"\nDisappearing Fish! 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