{"id":18411,"date":"2021-06-08T09:31:57","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T09:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/?p=18411"},"modified":"2021-06-08T09:56:02","modified_gmt":"2021-06-08T09:56:02","slug":"un-world-oceans-day-celebrating-the-oceans-life-and-livelihoods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/sv\/un-world-oceans-day-celebrating-the-oceans-life-and-livelihoods\/","title":{"rendered":"FN:s v\u00e4rldshavsdag: Fira havets liv och f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjningsm\u00f6jligheter"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Word<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

F\u00f6r\u00e4ndringens vindar bl\u00e5ser: fiskerisektorn beh\u00f6ver f\u00f6rbereda sig f\u00f6r kommande stormar och anpassa sig till en koldioxidfri framtid f\u00f6r att bevara havets liv och fiskets f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjningsm\u00f6jligheter.<\/em><\/p>\n

Mat som produceras fr\u00e5n haven utg\u00f6r en v\u00e4sentlig n\u00e4ringsk\u00e4lla i form av protein, mineraler, vitaminer och fetter, vilket tillgodoser m\u00e4nniskors n\u00e4ringsbehov och preferenser samt bidrar till en rik m\u00e5ngfald av matkulturer runt om i v\u00e4rlden.<\/p>\n

Skaldjur och fisk \u00e4r dessutom en av de mest handlade matvarorna globalt \u2013 och efterfr\u00e5gan v\u00e4xer till f\u00f6ljd av en \u00f6kande v\u00e4rldsbefolkning och v\u00e4xande v\u00e4lst\u00e5nd. Detta har lett till ett nytt begrepp f\u00f6r att beskriva mat fr\u00e5n havet \u2013 \u201cbl\u00e5 mat\u201d \u2013 f\u00f6r att inkludera t\u00e5ng, alger och nya v\u00e4xtbaserade produkter vid sidan av fisk och skaldjur inf\u00f6r FN:s livsmedelstoppm\u00f6te 2021. Oavsett f\u00f6rdelarna med begreppet d\u00f6ljer det tyv\u00e4rr hur och av vem mat fr\u00e5n havet produceras och konsumeras, och banar v\u00e4g f\u00f6r stora f\u00f6retag att skapa nya aff\u00e4rsm\u00f6jligheter och tr\u00e4nga undan befintliga akt\u00f6rer i h\u00e5llbarhetens namn.<\/p>\n

\"world<\/p>\n

FN:s livsmedelstoppm\u00f6te avser att omforma livsmedelssystemen p\u00e5 global niv\u00e5. Det kommer att lansera dj\u00e4rva nya \u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r att f\u00f6r\u00e4ndra det s\u00e4tt p\u00e5 vilket v\u00e4rlden producerar och konsumerar mat, som en del av \u00e5rtiondet f\u00f6r handling f\u00f6r att uppn\u00e5 m\u00e5len f\u00f6r h\u00e5llbar utveckling till 2030. Det nuvarande tillst\u00e5ndet f\u00f6r livsmedels- och jordbrukssystemen beskrivs som en \u201ctrippel kris\u201d d\u00e4r fetma, undern\u00e4ring och klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar sl\u00e5r ut m\u00e4nniskors och planetens h\u00e4lsa (The Lancet Commission on the Double Burden of Malnutrition). De dominerande livsmedels- och jordbrukssystemen utg\u00f6r ett lika stort hot mot planeten som mot m\u00e4nniskor; det industriella livsmedelssystemet \u00e4r en av de st\u00f6rsta bidragsgivarna till klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna.<\/p>\n

Att s\u00e4kra sj\u00f6mat f\u00f6r framtiden och tillgodose en v\u00e4xande befondnings behov kommer att kr\u00e4va en radikal f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring av det s\u00e4tt p\u00e5 vilket s\u00e5dan mat produceras och konsumeras. F\u00f6rslag om hur v\u00e5ra matsystem ska omvandlas och framtidss\u00e4kras kommer att dyka upp fr\u00e5n FN:s toppm\u00f6te om matsystem \u2013 och vi kanske inte gillar det som kommer fram.<\/p>\n

Temat f\u00f6r V\u00e4rldshavsdagen \u2013 LIV och f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning \u2013 \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r s\u00e4rskilt relevant f\u00f6r fiskerisektorn, eftersom den direkt och indirekt ger tiotals miljoner m\u00e4nniskor en f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning v\u00e4rlden \u00f6ver. Enligt FAO \u00e4r s\u00e5 mycket som 10% av v\u00e4rldens befolkning beroende av fisket som f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjningsk\u00e4lla, och de flesta f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjer sig genom sm\u00e5skaligt fiske i den globala s\u00f6dern.<\/p>\n

Men om den inte kan svara p\u00e5 n\u00e5gra omedelbara, br\u00e5dskande och existentiella utmaningar riskerar fiskerin\u00e4ringen som vi k\u00e4nner den i dag att bli en egenhet fr\u00e5n f\u00f6rr. Ingenstans \u00e4r detta tydligare \u00e4n i Europa, d\u00e4r EU:s gr\u00f6na giv har satt ribban h\u00f6gt: ett koldioxidneutralt Europa senast 2050, med en ny handlingsplan f\u00f6r att bevara fiskeresurserna och skydda marina ekosystem p\u00e5 v\u00e4g inom ramen f\u00f6r 2030 \u00e5rs strategin f\u00f6r biologisk m\u00e5ngfald. Denna f\u00f6resl\u00e5r en nolltolerans mot olagliga metoder, att begr\u00e4nsa anv\u00e4ndningen av de fiskredskap som \u00e4r mest skadliga f\u00f6r den biologiska m\u00e5ngfalden, i synnerhet bottentr\u00e5lande fiskredskap, och ett tillslag mot bif\u00e5ngster \u2013 s\u00e4rskilt hotade och utrotningshotade arter.<\/p>\n

En av de st\u00f6rsta existentiella utmaningar som den europeiska fisken\u00e4ringen st\u00e5r inf\u00f6r \u00e4r koldioxidutfasningen. Fossila br\u00e4nslen \u00e4r fisken\u00e4ringens akillesh\u00e4l, som den f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande har tillg\u00e5ng till skattefritt. Fiskeekonomin \u00e4r mycket k\u00e4nslig f\u00f6r priset p\u00e5 s\u00e5dana br\u00e4nslen, vilket tydliggjordes av hur br\u00e4nslepris\u00f6kningar p\u00e5verkade l\u00f6nsamheten efter de ekonomiska kriserna i b\u00f6rjan av 2000-talet. EU:s energiskattedirektiv \u00e4r f\u00f6rem\u00e5l f\u00f6r \u00f6versyn inom ramen f\u00f6r den gr\u00f6na given, och denna skattel\u00e4ttnad kan vara p\u00e5 v\u00e4g att upph\u00f6ra. P\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt har ett starkt beroende av kolv\u00e4tepolymerer f\u00f6r utrustningen, med eller utan r\u00e4tta, dragit fiskerin\u00e4ringen i vanpynt hos milj\u00f6organisationer, som lyfter fram den som en stor k\u00e4lla till plastavfall i havsmilj\u00f6n och till sp\u00f6kfiske \u2013 d\u00e4r f\u00f6rlorade redskap beskrivs som \u201chavets tumlare\u201d, som h\u00e4rjar p\u00e5 havsbotten och drivs med havsstr\u00f6mmarna.<\/p>\n

I hasten att avkarbonisera ekonomin och producera gr\u00f6n energi p\u00e5g\u00e5r ocks\u00e5 en \u00f6kad konkurrens om att anv\u00e4nda haven f\u00f6r att utveckla den bl\u00e5 ekonomin. Fiskesektorn tvingas i allt h\u00f6gre grad konkurrera om utrymmet till havs och kommer sannolikt att st\u00e4llas inf\u00f6r \u00f6kade begr\u00e4nsningar f\u00f6r var den kan fiska i takt med att den bl\u00e5 ekonomin utvecklas. Prioritet kan till exempel ges \u00e5t gr\u00f6n energiproduktion framf\u00f6r fiske.<\/p>\n

\"World<\/p>\n

Men alla dessa utmaningar blir till bakgrundsbrus om fiskarnas tillg\u00e5ng till resurser och marknader inte garanteras \u2013 vilket \u00e4r fallet f\u00f6r majoriteten av Europas flotta. I Europa, liksom i andra delar av v\u00e4rlden, utg\u00f6r storskaligt mindre och milj\u00f6m\u00e4ssigt mindre p\u00e5verkande fiske en majoritet av flottan till antalet och ofta n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller syssels\u00e4ttning. Denna relativt storskaliga, kustn\u00e4ra verksamhet f\u00f6rser lokalsamh\u00e4llen med f\u00e4rsk fisk p\u00e5 daglig basis, vilket ger jobb, f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning, livsmedelsf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning och ekonomisk verksamhet, ofta i omr\u00e5den d\u00e4r f\u00e5 alternativ finns.<\/p>\n

Under de senaste decennierna har p\u00e5 varandra f\u00f6ljande gemensamma fiskeripolitiker (GFP) gynnat storskaligt, mer industriellt fiske i syfte att \u00f6ka produktionen p\u00e5 bekostnad av storskalig fiskeverksamhet. I synnerhet har subventioner \u00f6sts in i utvecklingen av storskaliga flottor, som ocks\u00e5 har gynnats av lejonparten av fisker\u00e4ttigheterna.<\/p>\n

EU:s mindre flottor (fartyg under 12 meter i l\u00e4ngd som anv\u00e4nder icke-bogserade redskap) utg\u00f6r \u00f6ver 70% av de aktiva fartygen och 50% av syssels\u00e4ttningen, men landar endast 5% av f\u00e5ngsten i vikt och 15% i v\u00e4rde. Detta beror delvis p\u00e5 att systemet f\u00f6r tilldelning av fisker\u00e4ttigheter i allm\u00e4nhet, och kvottilldelningssystemet i synnerhet, har riggats p\u00e5 ett or\u00e4ttvist s\u00e4tt. Systemet gynnar en koncentration av fisker\u00e4ttigheter till relativt f\u00e5 akt\u00f6rer, d\u00e4r tilldelningen baseras p\u00e5 tidigare f\u00e5ngsthistorik. Detta gynnar dem som fiskar mer snarare \u00e4n dem som fiskar p\u00e5 ett mer h\u00e5llbart s\u00e4tt. S\u00e5 beh\u00f6ver det inte vara, men praxisen forts\u00e4tter, trots att reformen av den gemensamma fiskeripolitiken (GFP) fr\u00e5n 2014 inf\u00f6rde m\u00f6jligheten att \u00e4ndra s\u00e4ttet p\u00e5 vilket fisker\u00e4ttigheter tilldelas genom anv\u00e4ndning av transparenta och objektiva kriterier, d\u00e4ribland kriterier av milj\u00f6m\u00e4ssig, social och ekonomisk karakt\u00e4r.<\/p>\n

Trots reformen 2014 av den gemensamma marknadsordningen ( CMO ) f\u00f6r att gynna sm\u00e5skaliga producenter som bildar egna producentorganisationer ( PO ), m\u00f6ter sm\u00e5skaliga fiskare fortfarande enorma hinder f\u00f6r att bilda egna PO .<\/p>\n

M\u00e5l 14 b f\u00f6r h\u00e5llbar utveckling, som g\u00f6r sm\u00e5skaliga hantverksfiskares tillg\u00e5ng till marina resurser och marknader till en prioriterad fr\u00e5ga, m\u00e5ste ocks\u00e5 utg\u00f6ra en central del av genomf\u00f6randet av den gemensamma fiskeripolitiken och den \u00f6versyn som Europeiska kommissionen ska g\u00f6ra 2022.<\/p>\n

\"World<\/p>\n

Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) har i sin tur g\u00e5tt samman med MAVA Foundation, Slow Food Foundation och Global Footprint Network f\u00f6r att lansera projektet \u201cFoodnected\u201d. Detta nya projekt syftar till att fr\u00e4mja \u00f6verg\u00e5ngen till h\u00e5llbara och r\u00e4ttvisa livsmedelssystem i Medelhavsomr\u00e5det. Det handlar om att \u201cf\u00f6rena m\u00e4nniskor and natur kring lokala, r\u00e4ttvisa och h\u00e5llbara livsmedelssystem.\u201d Dess vision \u00e4r att sammanf\u00f6ra producenter och konsumenter genom en gemenskap f\u00f6r utbyte av erfarenheter (Community of Practice) som grundar sig p\u00e5 gemensamma v\u00e4rderingar. Genom att korta avst\u00e5ndet mellan producenter och konsumenter och utveckla en etisk kod f\u00f6r milj\u00f6m\u00e4ssiga och sociala v\u00e4rderingar f\u00f6r hur mat produceras och konsumeras kommer projektet att r\u00e5da bod p\u00e5 bristerna i det r\u00e5dande marknadssystemet och v\u00e4nda den or\u00e4ttvisa situation som sm\u00e5skaliga producenter st\u00e5r inf\u00f6r.<\/p>\n

Fiskeverksamhet i mindre skala och med l\u00e5g p\u00e5verkan kommer aldrig att ers\u00e4tta produktionen fr\u00e5n storskalig verksamhet. B\u00e5de den storskaliga och den storskaliga sektorn beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r att fiska p\u00e5 ett h\u00e5llbart s\u00e4tt f\u00f6r att m\u00f6ta efterfr\u00e5gan.<\/p>\n

Men systemet skulle kunna vara mycket r\u00e4ttvisare och mycket mer h\u00e5llbart om sm\u00e5skaligheten till\u00e4ts \u00f6ka sin andel av f\u00e5ngsten och marknaden. Ett s\u00e5dant steg skulle ocks\u00e5 uppmuntra en yngre generation fiskare att b\u00f6rja fiska, s\u00e4rskilt om dess image kan framst\u00e4llas som en modern sektor som \u00e4r f\u00f6renlig med en sk\u00e4lig inkomst och ett familjeliv.<\/p>\n

Konsumenter kan ocks\u00e5 dra sitt str\u00e5 till stacken genom att t\u00e4nka globalt och agera lokalt \u2013 genom att v\u00e4lja f\u00e4rsk, n\u00e4rproducerad fisk i s\u00e4song, som kommer fr\u00e5n storskaliga eller sm\u00e5skaliga fiskeaktiviteter med l\u00e5g milj\u00f6p\u00e5verkan.<\/p>\n

Det gamla h\u00e5ller p\u00e5 att d\u00f6, men utan h\u00e4ngivet handlande kan det nya inte f\u00f6das. L\u00f6sningarna finns d\u00e4r, vi m\u00e5ste till\u00e4mpa dem.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

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  The winds of change are blowing: the fisheries sector needs to prepare for some coming storms, and to adapt to a carbon-free future to sustain ocean based life and fishing livelihoods. Food produced from the oceans provides an essential source of nutrition in the form of protein, minerals, vitamins and fats, meeting people\u2019s food […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"\nUN World Ocean\u2019s Day : Celebrating the Oceans\u2019 Life and Livelihoods - Life Platform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/sv\/un-world-oceans-day-celebrating-the-oceans-life-and-livelihoods\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UN World Ocean\u2019s Day : Celebrating the Oceans\u2019 Life and Livelihoods - Life Platform\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  The winds of change are blowing: the fisheries sector needs to prepare for some coming storms, and to adapt to a carbon-free future to sustain ocean based life and fishing livelihoods. 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