{"id":5639,"date":"2016-06-07T08:40:43","date_gmt":"2016-06-07T08:40:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/small-scale-fishing-solution-rather-problem\/?lang=pt-pt"},"modified":"2016-06-07T08:40:43","modified_gmt":"2016-06-07T08:40:43","slug":"small-scale-fishing-solution-rather-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/ro\/small-scale-fishing-solution-rather-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103: o solu\u021bie mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t o problem\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103: o solu\u021bie mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t o problem\u0103<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bristol, 7 iunie 2016<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jeremy Percy<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Pe\u0219tii din mare sunt o resurs\u0103 public\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i ofer\u0103 nu numai o surs\u0103 vital\u0103 de proteine \u0219i nutrien\u021bi pentru miliarde de oameni la nivel mondial, ci \u0219i 60 de milioane de locuri de munc\u0103 \u00een sectorul primar, dintre care 90% \u00een sectorul pescuitului la scar\u0103 mic\u0103, iar 15% dintre acestea sunt femei.<\/p>\n

Mai aproape de cas\u0103, flota de pescuit european\u0103 cuprinde aproximativ 83.734 de nave, care asigur\u0103 150.000 de locuri de munc\u0103 \u00een domeniul maritim<\/strong> \u0219i cel pu\u021bin de trei ori mai mul\u021bi \u00een locuri de munc\u0103 conexe pe uscat.
\nPatru din cinci [80%] nave de pescuit din cadrul flotei europene de pescuit sunt considerate a fi \"la scar\u0103 mic\u0103\" [cu o lungime mai mic\u0103 de 12 metri \u0219i care nu utilizeaz\u0103 unelte remorcate].<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 acum, totul este bine, dar statisticile de mai sus nu spun dec\u00e2t o mic\u0103 parte din poveste.<\/p>\n

De la Atlantic la Marea Neagr\u0103 \u0219i de la Marea Baltic\u0103 la Marea Mediteran\u0103, brut istoric pescuitul excesiv<\/strong> de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului trecut \u0219i \u00eenceputul acestuia au dus la reducerea dramatic\u0103 nu numai a stocurilor de pe\u0219te, ci \u0219i a multor pescari care se bazau pe ele. Dup\u0103 cum \u0219tim cu to\u021bii, acest lucru a fost valabil at\u00e2t pentru pescuit, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru pescari la nivel global \u0219i, \u00een multe cazuri, stocurile abia acum \u00eencep s\u0103 se refac\u0103, dac\u0103 se refac.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 catastrof\u0103 de mediu a provocat o revolt\u0103 public\u0103, iar pescarii, c\u00e2ndva eroi ai comunit\u0103\u021bilor lor, au fost cataloga\u021bi drept \"pira\u021bi\", care jefuiesc m\u0103rile f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 la viitor.
\nCeea ce aceast\u0103 furie nu a reu\u0219it s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 a fost faptul c\u0103, aproape f\u0103r\u0103 excep\u021bie, pescuitul excesiv nu a fost din vina celor 80% din flota de dimensiuni mici. Indiciul se afl\u0103 \u00een titlu, deoarece cei care pescuiesc la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 ar avea dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een a pescui excesiv pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103, datorit\u0103, da, a\u021bi ghicit, dimensiunii lor mici. Este important de men\u021bionat c\u0103 pescarii la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 nu pot pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 plece spre noi zone de pescuit dac\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i denatureaz\u0103 zonele locale, ceea ce face vital pentru ei s\u0103 aib\u0103 grij\u0103 de ceea ce au.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Astfel, de\u0219i reprezint\u0103 80% din flot\u0103 ca num\u0103r, sunt administratori ai m\u0103rii \u0219i folosesc unelte de pescuit selective cu impact redus pentru a furniza pe\u0219te \u0219i crustacee proaspete de cea mai bun\u0103 calitate posibil\u0103, pescarii la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 nu au reu\u0219it niciodat\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i fac\u0103 auzit\u0103 vocea acolo unde conteaz\u0103, la nivelul statelor membre \u0219i la nivel european. Acest lucru a avut ca rezultat faptul c\u0103 politicile de pescuit din trecut au fost influen\u021bate doar de o scar\u0103 mai mare<\/strong>, un sector al flotei mai bine dotat cu resurse \u0219i mai bine organizat, adesea \u00een detrimentul sectorului de dimensiuni mai mici.<\/p>\n

Pescuitul comercial \u00een apele europene este gestionat prin intermediul politicii comune \u00een domeniul pescuitului [PCP]. Acest regulament este reformat la fiecare zece ani \u0219i, \u00een ciuda celor mai bune inten\u021bii, a supravegheat reducerea men\u021bionat\u0103 mai sus at\u00e2t a stocurilor de pe\u0219te, c\u00e2t \u0219i a locurilor de munc\u0103 legate de pescuit de-a lungul mai multor decenii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen general, s-a considerat c\u0103 ultimul proces de reform\u0103, care a \u00eenceput \u00een 2009 \u0219i care a dus la noua PCP \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 2014, a fost cu adev\u0103rat ultima \u0219ans\u0103 de a face lucrurile cum trebuie<\/strong>. Ar fi nevoie de o serie de articole pentru a explica \u00een detaliu un astfel de regulament, dar este suficient s\u0103 spunem c\u0103, pentru prima dat\u0103, au avut loc dou\u0103 schimb\u0103ri majore \u00een acest proces. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, Tratatul de la Lisabona a introdus luarea deciziilor \u00een comun<\/strong>. Acest lucru a \u00eensemnat c\u0103 membrii Parlamentului European au avut \u0219ansa de a influen\u021ba rezultatul procesului de reform\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, c\u0103 pescarii la scar\u0103 mai mic\u0103 \u0219i reprezentan\u021bii acestora, cu sprijinul de la ONG-uri de mediu prea numeroase pentru a fi enumerate<\/strong>, au muncit din greu pentru a-\u0219i face auzit\u0103 \u0219i vocea.
\nCombina\u021bia acestor dou\u0103 elemente a avut, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, un efect major \u0219i \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 pozitiv asupra rezultatului procesului de reform\u0103.<\/p>\n

Noua PCP \u0219i regulamentele aferente se refer\u0103 la asigurarea unui nivel de trai echitabil pentru sectorul pescuitului, inclusiv pentru pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103; acces preferen\u021bial pentru pescarii artizanali sau de coast\u0103; \u00een statele membre \u00een care peste 1 000 de nave pot fi considerate nave de pescuit de coast\u0103 la scar\u0103 mic\u0103, un plan de ac\u021biune pentru dezvoltarea, competitivitatea \u0219i durabilitatea pescuitului de coast\u0103 la scar\u0103 mic\u0103; stimulente, inclusiv cele de natur\u0103 economic\u0103, cum ar fi posibilit\u0103\u021bile de pescuit, pentru a promova metode de pescuit care s\u0103 contribuie la un pescuit mai selectiv ........... \u0219i la pescuitul cu impact redus asupra ecosistemului marin \u0219i a resurselor halieutice; \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd aloc\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u021bile de pescuit disponibile pentru acestea... Statele membre utilizeaz\u0103 criterii transparente \u0219i obiective<\/strong> inclusiv cele de natur\u0103 ecologic\u0103, social\u0103 \u0219i economic\u0103.<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 acum totul este bine, din nou.<\/p>\n

Dar ceea ce a devenit imediat clar \u00een urma introducerii noii PCP a fost c\u0103 punerea \u00een aplicare real\u0103 a m\u0103surilor va fi cel pu\u021bin la fel de important\u0103 ca \u0219i concep\u021bia lor ini\u021bial\u0103.
\nRecunosc\u00e2nd acest fapt \u0219i pornind de la impulsul creat de pescarii artizanali care au reu\u0219it s\u0103 se reuneasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 pe o singur\u0103 voce \u00een timpul procesului de reform\u0103, aceia\u0219i pescari, precum \u0219i mul\u021bi al\u021bii care au v\u0103zut nevoia urgent\u0103 de a men\u021bine \u0219i de a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi capacitatea sectorului lor de a se face auzit, au format o echip\u0103 central\u0103 din care a pornit echipa de lucru a Platforma LIFE<\/span> a fost creat.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scopul principal al VIA\u021aA<\/span><\/strong>, a Pescarii cu impact redus din Europa<\/span> <\/strong>este de a oferi un voce clar\u0103 \u0219i coerent\u0103<\/strong> la nivelul UE pentru majoritatea, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent t\u0103cut\u0103, a pescarilor europeni, care pescuiesc la scar\u0103 mai mic\u0103 \u0219i care utilizeaz\u0103 unelte \u0219i metode de pescuit cu impact redus, dar care, din punct de vedere istoric, nu au avut o reprezentare dedicat\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103 la Bruxelles \u0219i chiar la nivelul statelor membre.
\n\u00cenfiin\u021bat\u0103 ca organiza\u021bie \u00een mai 2014, VIA\u021aA<\/span><\/strong> este o organiza\u021bie de organiza\u021bii, condus\u0103 de pescari, pentru pescari. Func\u021bionarea VIA\u021aA<\/span> <\/strong>se face prin intermediul unui consiliu de administra\u021bie format din pescari la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 din \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103, to\u021bi reprezentan\u021bi ai comunit\u0103\u021bilor locale de pescari. VIA\u021aA<\/span><\/strong> angajeaz\u0103 un director executiv, sprijinit cu pricepere de membri ai personalului din cadrul VIA\u021aA<\/span> <\/strong>birouri la Bruxelles \u0219i coordonatori regionali care acoper\u0103 \u00een prezent zonele M\u0103rii Nordului, M\u0103rii Baltice \u0219i Mediteranei.
\nVIA\u021aA<\/span><\/strong> membrii \u00eenglobeaz\u0103 acei pescari care tind s\u0103 fie la scar\u0103 mai mic\u0103 \u0219i care au un impact de mediu \u00een general sc\u0103zut, dar care, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, au o valoare social\u0103 \u0219i economic\u0103 ridicat\u0103 pentru comunit\u0103\u021bile pe care le sprijin\u0103 \u0219i care \u00eei sprijin\u0103. Proprietarul lucreaz\u0103 de obicei la bord, efectueaz\u0103 \u00een principal excursii de o zi, au emisii sc\u0103zute de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 pe kilogram de pe\u0219te debarcat \u0219i pescuiesc \u00een mod durabil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sper c\u0103 cititorii au \u00een\u021beles p\u00e2n\u0103 acum c\u0103 pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 cu impact redus nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 doar capturarea pe\u0219telui, sau chiar doar b\u0103rba\u021bii \u0219i femeile care lucreaz\u0103 \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit \u00een cel mai periculos mediu din lume pentru a aduce pe\u0219tele proasp\u0103t pe mas\u0103. [pescuitul este \u00eenc\u0103 responsabil pentru mai multe r\u0103niri \u0219i decese dec\u00e2t orice alt sector industrial]. Este vorba de mult mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t; pescarii no\u0219tri observ\u0103 \u0219i au grij\u0103 de mare \u00een fiecare zi a vie\u021bii lor profesionale; ei se afl\u0103 adesea \u00een centrul programelor \u0219i ini\u021biativelor de mediu; ei men\u021bin \u00een via\u021b\u0103 cultura \u0219i tradi\u021biile care dateaz\u0103 de peste 1000 de ani; ei sunt un recipient pentru nenum\u0103rate genera\u021bii de cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi care, odat\u0103 pierdute, nu vor mai putea fi recuperate niciodat\u0103 \u0219i, mai important, ei sunt adesea cei care coloana vertebral\u0103 a comunit\u0103\u021bilor de coast\u0103 vulnerabile,<\/strong> care le sprijin\u0103 \u0219i sunt sus\u021binute de acestea, men\u021bin\u00e2nd locuri de munc\u0103, at\u00e2t pe mare, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe uscat, unde adesea nu exist\u0103 alte locuri de munc\u0103 disponibile, precum \u0219i oferind cel mai proasp\u0103t pe\u0219te posibil.<\/p>\n

Deci, poate v\u0103 \u00eentreba\u021bi de ce num\u0103rul lor se reduce de la an la an, de ce sunt \u00een continuare marginaliza\u021bi, de ce marjele lor de profit sunt adesea negative, \u00een timp ce profiturile la scar\u0103 mai mare sunt \u00een cre\u0219tere \u0219i ce se poate face \u00een acest sens?
\nCrearea LIFE este un prim pas pe un drum lung<\/strong> pentru recunoa\u0219terea pescarilor la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 \u0219i cu impact redus din Europa. De la un \u00eenceput \u00een 2014, VIA\u021aA<\/span><\/strong> are deja peste 7 000 de membri, care lucreaz\u0103 cu peste 4 000 de nave \u0219i care \u00ee\u0219i au sediul \u00een oricare dintre cele 14 state membre de coast\u0103.<\/p>\n

Referindu-ne din nou la PCP reformat\u0103, doar un exemplu de schimbare necesar\u0103 pentru a asigura dezvoltarea durabil\u0103 a sectorului pescuitului la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 \u00een Europa este inclus \u00een obiectivele articolului 17.
\nDin punct de vedere istoric, accesul la pe\u0219tele din mare, cel pu\u021bin pentru majoritatea pescarilor europeni, a fost asigurat prin alocarea unei cote de pe\u0219te, o cot\u0103 din alocarea na\u021bional\u0103, bazat\u0103 pe \u00eenregistr\u0103rile istorice ale capturilor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Problema cu aceast\u0103 abordare pentru pescarii la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 este c\u0103, adesea, ace\u0219tia nu au avut obliga\u021bia sau sistemele necesare pentru a-\u0219i \u00eenregistra capturile, \u00een timp ce operatorii de nave la scar\u0103 mai mare au primit jurnale de bord pentru a detalia ceea ce au debarcat. \u00cen unele cazuri, aceste debarc\u0103ri din jurnalul de bord au fost umflate pentru a cre\u0219te accesul la viitoarele oportunit\u0103\u021bi de pescuit. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 este \u00een mod clar \u00eei recompenseaz\u0103 pe cei care au pescuit cel mai mult,<\/strong> \u0219i, \u00een unele cazuri, prea mult, l\u0103s\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp flota la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 \u00een afara procesului. Acest lucru, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, ofer\u0103 resurse foarte importante \u0219i, prin urmare, influen\u021b\u0103 pescarilor la scar\u0103 mai mare \u0219i sus\u021bine un cerc vicios al lipsei de resurse, ceea ce duce la o lips\u0103 de influen\u021b\u0103 asupra politicii \u00een domeniul pescuitului, ceea ce duce la o consolidare a cotelor \u00een m\u00e2inile juc\u0103torilor mai mari. \u00cen Regatul Unit, de exemplu, \u00een timp ce sectorul pesc\u0103resc la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 reprezint\u0103 77% din flot\u0103, ca num\u0103r de exemplare, acesta are acces la doar 1,5% din cota britanic\u0103 ca tonaj.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie a fost exacerbat\u0103 \u00een ultima vreme prin cota devine doar o alt\u0103 marf\u0103<\/strong> s\u0103 fie cump\u0103rate \u0219i v\u00e2ndute. Comer\u021bul actual cu cote, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ini\u021biativele bine inten\u021bionate, dar periculoase, de a privatiza efectiv \u0219i mai mult pe\u0219tele din m\u0103rile noastre, \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 pescarii de mici dimensiuni sunt adesea l\u0103sa\u021bi \u00een picioare pe zidul portului, incapabili s\u0103 prind\u0103 pe\u0219tii care \u00eenoat\u0103 pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 ei, \u00een timp ce navele mari, adesea de\u021binute de str\u0103ini, care utilizeaz\u0103 cote na\u021bionale pe care le-au cump\u0103rat sau dob\u00e2ndit prin \u00eenregistr\u0103ri aparent anterioare ale capturilor, continu\u0103 s\u0103 pescuiasc\u0103.<\/p>\n

Articolul 17 din PCP prevede c\u0103 statele membre trebuie s\u0103 includ\u0103 criterii de o de mediu, sociale \u0219i economice<\/strong> la alocarea accesului la cota de pe\u0219te. Dac\u0103 guvernele ar lua \u00een serios aceast\u0103 abordare, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t s\u0103 se limiteze la a o sus\u021bine doar cu vorbe, dac\u0103 o fac, atunci ar revolu\u021biona foarte repede industria. Ar recompensa orice nav\u0103 sau grup de nave care ar fi considerate ca pescuind \u00een mod durabil \u0219i care ar oferi beneficii sociale \u0219i economice semnificative, dar p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd acest lucru nu se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla, sistemul va continua s\u0103 \u00eei recompenseze pe cei care pescuiesc cel mai mult, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t pe cei care pescuiesc \u00een mod durabil.<\/p>\n

A\u021bi fi crezut c\u0103 aceast\u0103 abordare este pur \u0219i simplu de bun sim\u021b \u0219i nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd pentru c\u0103 vorbim despre o resurs\u0103 public\u0103, de\u0219i una care a fost efectiv privatizat\u0103 \u0219i oferit\u0103 unui grup relativ mic de persoane. Din p\u0103cate, dac\u0103 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd publicul<\/strong> \u00eencepe s\u0103 cear\u0103 ca acest articol s\u0103 fie pus \u00een aplicare \u00een mod real, m\u0103 tem c\u0103 nu se va schimba nimic.<\/p>\n

\u00cen concluzie, pescarii la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 \u0219i femeile nu reprezint\u0103 o problem\u0103 care trebuie ignorat\u0103, ci recunoscut\u0103, sprijinit\u0103 \u0219i cu acces echitabil la resurse, poate fi o solu\u021bie la unele dintre numeroasele probleme cu care se confrunt\u0103 \u00een prezent mediul marin.<\/strong>. \u00cen acest fel, putem oferi mai multe locuri de munc\u0103, nu mai pu\u021bine, mai mult pe\u0219te, nu mai pu\u021bin, men\u021bin\u00e2nd astfel structura comunit\u0103\u021bilor costiere adesea vulnerabile \u0219i cultura, tradi\u021biile \u0219i valorile pescarilor care fac parte integrant\u0103 din ele.<\/p>\n

\u2666\u2666\u2666<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103: o solu\u021bie mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t o problem\u0103 Bristol, 7 iunie 2016 Jeremy Percy Pe\u0219tii din mare sunt o resurs\u0103 public\u0103 \u0219i ofer\u0103 nu numai o surs\u0103 vital\u0103 de proteine \u0219i nutrien\u021bi pentru miliarde de oameni la nivel mondial, ci \u0219i 60 de milioane de locuri de munc\u0103 \u00een [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[255,256,257],"class_list":["post-5639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-pt-pt","tag-artisanal-fishing-pt-pt","tag-executive-director-pt-pt","tag-life-pt-pt","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"\nSmall-scale fishing: a solution rather than a problem - Life Platform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/ro\/small-scale-fishing-solution-rather-problem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Small-scale fishing: a solution rather than a problem - 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