{"id":18411,"date":"2021-06-08T09:31:57","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T09:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/?p=18411"},"modified":"2021-06-08T09:56:02","modified_gmt":"2021-06-08T09:56:02","slug":"un-world-oceans-day-celebrating-the-oceans-life-and-livelihoods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/ro\/un-world-oceans-day-celebrating-the-oceans-life-and-livelihoods\/","title":{"rendered":"Ziua Mondial\u0103 a Oceanelor: s\u0103rb\u0103torirea vie\u021bii \u0219i a mijloacelor de trai ale oceanelor"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Word<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00e2nturile schimb\u0103rii bat: sectorul pescuitului trebuie s\u0103 se preg\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru furtunile care vor veni \u0219i s\u0103 se adapteze la un viitor f\u0103r\u0103 emisii de dioxid de carbon pentru a sus\u021bine via\u021ba din oceane \u0219i mijloacele de trai ale pescarilor.<\/em><\/p>\n

Alimentele produse din oceane reprezint\u0103 o surs\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 de nutri\u021bie sub form\u0103 de proteine, minerale, vitamine \u0219i gr\u0103simi, r\u0103spunz\u00e2nd nevoilor \u0219i preferin\u021belor alimentare ale oamenilor \u0219i contribuind, de asemenea, la o bogat\u0103 diversitate de culturi alimentare din \u00eentreaga lume.<\/p>\n

Fructele de mare sunt, de asemenea, unul dintre cele mai comercializate produse alimentare la nivel mondial, iar cererea este \u00een cre\u0219tere din cauza cre\u0219terii popula\u021biei mondiale \u0219i a bog\u0103\u021biei. Acest lucru a dus la un nou concept pentru a descrie fructele de mare - \"Blue Food\" - astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 includ\u0103 algele marine, algele \u0219i noile produse pe baz\u0103 de plante, al\u0103turi de pe\u0219te \u0219i crustacee, \u00een perspectiva Summitului ONU 2021 privind sistemele alimentare. Din nefericire, indiferent de meritele conceptului, acesta ascunde modul \u00een care \u0219i de c\u0103tre cine sunt produse \u0219i consumate alimentele din mare \u0219i deschide calea pentru ca marile corpora\u021bii s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i croiasc\u0103 noi oportunit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eenl\u0103ture actorii existen\u021bi \u00een numele sustenabilit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\"world<\/p>\n

Summitul ONU privind sistemele alimentare inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 remodeleze sistemele alimentare la nivel global. Acesta va lansa noi ac\u021biuni \u00eendr\u0103zne\u021be pentru a transforma modul \u00een care lumea produce \u0219i consum\u0103 alimente, ca parte a Deceniului de ac\u021biune pentru atingerea Obiectivelor de dezvoltare durabil\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2030. Starea actual\u0103 a sistemelor alimentare \u0219i agricole este descris\u0103 ca o \"tripl\u0103 criz\u0103\", \u00een care obezitatea, subnutri\u021bia \u0219i schimb\u0103rile climatice decimeaz\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tatea uman\u0103 \u0219i planetar\u0103 (The Lancet Commission on the Double Burden of Malnutrition). Sistemele alimentare \u0219i agricole dominante reprezint\u0103 o amenin\u021bare la fel de mare pentru planet\u0103 ca \u0219i pentru oameni; sistemul alimentar industrial este unul dintre cei mai mari contribuitori la schimb\u0103rile climatice.<\/p>\n

Pentru a men\u021bine produsele marine \u00een viitor \u0219i pentru a satisface nevoile unei popula\u021bii \u00een cre\u0219tere va fi necesar\u0103 o schimbare radical\u0103 a modului \u00een care sunt produse \u0219i consumate aceste alimente. \u00cen cadrul Summitului ONU privind sistemele alimentare vor ap\u0103rea propuneri privind modul \u00een care s\u0103 transform\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 sistemele noastre alimentare vor fi preg\u0103tite pentru viitor - \u0219i s-ar putea s\u0103 nu ne plac\u0103 ceea ce va ie\u0219i.<\/p>\n

Tema Zilei Mondiale a Oceanelor - LIFE \u0219i mijloacele de trai - este, prin urmare, deosebit de relevant\u0103 pentru sectorul pescuitului, care asigur\u0103, direct \u0219i indirect, zeci de milioane de mijloace de trai la nivel mondial. Potrivit FAO, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10% din popula\u021bia mondial\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 pe pescuit ca surs\u0103 de trai, tr\u0103ind \u00een principal din pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 \u00een sudul lumii.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 nu poate r\u0103spunde unor provoc\u0103ri imediate, urgente \u0219i existen\u021biale, sectorul pescuitului, a\u0219a cum \u00eel cunoa\u0219tem ast\u0103zi, risc\u0103 s\u0103 devin\u0103 o idiosincrasie a trecutului. Nic\u0103ieri nu este mai mult dec\u00e2t \u00een Europa, unde \"Green Deal\" al UE a stabilit o \u0219tachet\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103: o Europ\u0103 neutr\u0103 din punct de vedere al emisiilor de dioxid de carbon p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2050, cu un nou plan de ac\u021biune pentru conservarea resurselor piscicole \u0219i protejarea ecosistemelor marine \u00een curs de elaborare \u00een cadrul strategiei privind biodiversitatea pentru 2030. Acesta propune o abordare de toleran\u021b\u0103 zero fa\u021b\u0103 de practicile ilegale, pentru a limita utilizarea uneltelor de pescuit cele mai d\u0103un\u0103toare pentru biodiversitate, \u00een special a uneltelor de pescuit care intr\u0103 \u00een contact cu fundul m\u0103rii, precum \u0219i m\u0103suri drastice \u00eempotriva capturilor accidentale - \u00een special a speciilor amenin\u021bate \u0219i pe cale de dispari\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Una dintre cele mai mari provoc\u0103ri existen\u021biale cu care se confrunt\u0103 sectorul european al pescuitului este de-carbonizarea. Combustibilii fosili sunt c\u0103lc\u00e2iul lui Ahile al sectorului pescuitului, la care acesta poate avea acces \u00een prezent f\u0103r\u0103 taxe. Economia pescuitului este extrem de sensibil\u0103 la pre\u021bul acestor combustibili, dup\u0103 cum reiese din impactul cre\u0219terii pre\u021burilor la combustibili asupra rentabilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een urma crizelor economice de la \u00eenceputul secolului XXI. Directiva UE privind impozitarea energiei este \u00een curs de revizuire \u00een cadrul \"Green Deal\", iar aceast\u0103 scutire de taxe ar putea fi pe cale s\u0103 se \u00eencheie. De asemenea, pe bun\u0103 dreptate sau pe nedrept, dependen\u021ba puternic\u0103 de polimeri de hidrocarburi pentru echipamentele sale a adus pescuitul \u00een dizgra\u021bia organiza\u021biilor de mediu, care \u00eel consider\u0103 o surs\u0103 major\u0103 de de\u0219euri de plastic \u00een mediul marin \u0219i de pescuit fantom\u0103 - uneltele pierdute fiind descrise ca fiind \"buruienile oceanelor\", care fac ravagii pe fundul oceanelor, purtate de curen\u021bii oceanici.<\/p>\n

\u00cen graba de a decarboniza economia \u0219i de a produce energie verde, exist\u0103, de asemenea, o concuren\u021b\u0103 tot mai mare pentru utilizarea oceanelor \u00een vederea dezvolt\u0103rii economiei albastre. Din ce \u00een ce mai mult, sectorul pescuitului este nevoit s\u0103 concureze pentru spa\u021biu pe mare \u0219i este posibil s\u0103 se confrunte cu restric\u021bii tot mai mari \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te locurile \u00een care poate pescui, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce se dezvolt\u0103 economia albastr\u0103. De exemplu, este posibil s\u0103 se acorde prioritate produc\u021biei de energie verde \u00een detrimentul extrac\u021biei de pe\u0219te.<\/p>\n

\"World<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, toate aceste provoc\u0103ri devin zgomot de fond dac\u0103 accesul pescarilor la resurse \u0219i accesul la pie\u021be nu este garantat - a\u0219a cum este cazul flotei majoritare din Europa. \u00cen Europa, ca \u0219i \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale lumii, opera\u021biunile de pescuit la scar\u0103 mai mic\u0103, cu un impact mai redus asupra mediului, reprezint\u0103 majoritatea flotei, ca num\u0103r \u0219i, adesea, ca num\u0103r de angaja\u021bi. Aceste opera\u021biuni la scar\u0103 relativ mic\u0103, desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een apropierea \u021b\u0103rmului, furnizeaz\u0103 zilnic pe\u0219te proasp\u0103t comunit\u0103\u021bilor locale, asigur\u00e2nd locuri de munc\u0103, mijloace de trai, aprovizionare cu alimente \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bi economice, adesea \u00een zone \u00een care exist\u0103 pu\u021bine alternative.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimele decenii, politicile comune \u00een domeniul pescuitului (PCP) succesive au promovat pescuitul la scar\u0103 mai mare \u0219i mai industrial \u00een interesul cre\u0219terii produc\u021biei \u00een detrimentul activit\u0103\u021bilor de pescuit la scar\u0103 mai mic\u0103. \u00cen special, subven\u021biile au fost direc\u021bionate c\u0103tre dezvoltarea flotelor de dimensiuni mai mari, care au beneficiat, de asemenea, de cea mai mare parte a drepturilor de pescuit.<\/p>\n

Flotele la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 din UE (nave cu o lungime mai mic\u0103 de 12 metri care utilizeaz\u0103 unelte de pescuit neremorcate) reprezint\u0103 peste 70% din navele active \u0219i 50% din num\u0103rul de angaja\u021bi, dar debarc\u0103 doar 5% din capturile \u00een greutate \u0219i 15% \u00een valoare. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 \u00een parte modului \u00een care sistemul de alocare a drepturilor de pescuit, \u00een general, \u0219i sistemul de alocare a cotelor, \u00een special, au fost manipulate \u00een mod incorect. Sistemul favorizeaz\u0103 concentrarea drepturilor de pescuit \u00een m\u00e2ini relativ pu\u021bine, alocarea baz\u00e2ndu-se pe istoricul capturilor. Acest lucru \u00eei recompenseaz\u0103 pe cei care pescuiesc mai mult dec\u00e2t pe cei care pescuiesc \u00een mod mai durabil. Nu trebuie s\u0103 fie a\u0219a, dar aceast\u0103 practic\u0103 continu\u0103, \u00een ciuda reformei PCP din 2014, care a stabilit posibilitatea de a schimba modul de alocare a drepturilor de pescuit prin utilizarea unor criterii transparente \u0219i obiective, inclusiv a celor de natur\u0103 ecologic\u0103, social\u0103 \u0219i economic\u0103.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, \u00een pofida reformei din 2014 a politicii comune de comercializare (OCP) pentru a favoriza micii produc\u0103tori s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenfiin\u021beze propriile organiza\u021bii de produc\u0103tori (OP), micii pescari se confrunt\u0103 \u00een continuare cu bariere uria\u0219e \u00een calea form\u0103rii propriilor OP.<\/p>\n

ODD 14b), care face din accesul micilor pescari artizanali la resursele \u0219i pie\u021bele marine o prioritate, trebuie s\u0103 constituie, de asemenea, un element central al punerii \u00een aplicare a PCP \u0219i al revizuirii care va fi efectuat\u0103 \u00een 2022 de c\u0103tre Comisia European\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"World<\/p>\n

La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, organiza\u021bia Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE) s-a al\u0103turat Funda\u021biei MAVA, Funda\u021biei Slow Food \u0219i Global Footprint Network pentru a lansa proiectul \"Foodnected\". Acest nou proiect este conceput pentru a promova tranzi\u021bia c\u0103tre sisteme alimentare durabile \u0219i echitabile \u00een regiunea mediteranean\u0103. Este vorba despre \"conectarea oamenilor \u0219i a naturii \u00een jurul unor sisteme alimentare locale, echitabile \u0219i durabile\". Viziunea sa este de a aduce \u00eempreun\u0103 produc\u0103torii \u0219i consumatorii prin intermediul unei comunit\u0103\u021bi de practici bazate pe valori comune. Prin scurtarea distan\u021bei dintre produc\u0103tori \u0219i consumatori \u0219i prin dezvoltarea unui cod etic de valori sociale \u0219i de mediu pentru modul \u00een care sunt produse \u0219i consumate alimentele, proiectul va aborda deficien\u021bele sistemului de pia\u021b\u0103 predominant \u0219i va inversa situa\u021bia inechitabil\u0103 cu care se confrunt\u0103 micii produc\u0103tori.<\/p>\n

Activit\u0103\u021bile de pescuit la scar\u0103 mai mic\u0103, cu impact redus, nu vor \u00eenlocui niciodat\u0103 produc\u021bia din activit\u0103\u021bile la scar\u0103 mai mare. Este nevoie at\u00e2t de sectoare la scar\u0103 mic\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i de sectoare la scar\u0103 mare pentru a recolta pe\u0219te \u00een mod durabil \u0219i a satisface cererea.<\/p>\n

Dar sistemul ar putea fi mult mai echitabil \u0219i mult mai sustenabil, permi\u021b\u00e2nd sectorului la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i m\u0103reasc\u0103 cota de captur\u0103 \u0219i de pia\u021b\u0103. De asemenea, o astfel de m\u0103sur\u0103 ar \u00eencuraja o genera\u021bie t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 de pescari s\u0103 se apuce de pescuit, mai ales dac\u0103 imaginea acestuia ar putea fi prezentat\u0103 ca un sector modern, compatibil cu un venit decent \u0219i o via\u021b\u0103 de familie.<\/p>\n

Consumatorii \u00ee\u0219i pot juca \u0219i ei rolul, g\u00e2ndind la nivel global \u0219i ac\u021bion\u00e2nd la nivel local - aleg\u00e2nd pe\u0219te proasp\u0103t, produs la nivel local, \u00een sezon, care provine din activit\u0103\u021bi de pescuit la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 cu impact redus.<\/p>\n

Vechiul moare, dar f\u0103r\u0103 o ac\u021biune dedicat\u0103, noul nu se poate na\u0219te. Solu\u021biile exist\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 le aplic\u0103m.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  V\u00e2nturile schimb\u0103rii bat: sectorul pescuitului trebuie s\u0103 se preg\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru furtunile care vor veni \u0219i s\u0103 se adapteze la un viitor f\u0103r\u0103 emisii de dioxid de carbon pentru a sus\u021bine via\u021ba din oceane \u0219i mijloacele de trai ale pescarilor. Alimentele produse din oceane reprezint\u0103 o surs\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 de nutri\u021bie sub form\u0103 de proteine, minerale, vitamine \u0219i gr\u0103simi, asigur\u00e2nd alimenta\u021bia oamenilor [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"\nUN World Ocean\u2019s Day : Celebrating the Oceans\u2019 Life and Livelihoods - Life Platform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/ro\/un-world-oceans-day-celebrating-the-oceans-life-and-livelihoods\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UN World Ocean\u2019s Day : Celebrating the Oceans\u2019 Life and Livelihoods - Life Platform\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  The winds of change are blowing: the fisheries sector needs to prepare for some coming storms, and to adapt to a carbon-free future to sustain ocean based life and fishing livelihoods. 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