{"id":17016,"date":"2019-12-11T17:59:20","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T17:59:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/?p=17016"},"modified":"2019-12-11T18:17:09","modified_gmt":"2019-12-11T18:17:09","slug":"the-lo-by-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/ro\/the-lo-by-life\/","title":{"rendered":"O reflec\u021bie LIFE asupra LO"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/h3>\n

Obliga\u021bia de debarcare - nu exist\u0103 r\u0103spunsuri simple<\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n

11 decembrie 2019<\/p>\n

Jeremy Percy<\/p>\n

Luni, 2 decembrie 2019, Comisia PECH (Pescuit) a Parlamentului European a organizat o audiere public\u0103 privind situa\u021bia actual\u0103 a obliga\u021biei de debarcare: provoc\u0103ri \u0219i bune practici (https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/cmsdata\/189086\/Final%20Programme%20PECH%20public%20hearing-Landing%20Obligation_2.12.2019.2_EN-original.pdf<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u00cen timpul sesiunii precedente a Parlamentului, cu pu\u021bin peste 18 luni \u00een urm\u0103, la 14 mai 2018, Comisia PECH a organizat o audiere similar\u0103 intitulat\u0103: \"Obliga\u021bia de debarcare \u0219i speciile-\u021bint\u0103 \u00een pesc\u0103riile multispecii \u0219i mixte\". \u00cen rezumat, pre\u0219edintele de atunci al Comisiei PECH, dl Alain Cadec, a comentat: \"\u00cen aceast\u0103 audiere, am avut o discu\u021bie cu dl: \"...diagnosticul este foarte clar: incertitudine, dificultate, complexitate...\"<\/em>. Plus \u00e7a change... https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/choking-landing-obligation\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Un element-cheie al reformei din 2013 a politicii comune \u00een domeniul pescuitului (PCP) din 2013 este eliminarea treptat\u0103 a practicii de aruncare a capturilor \u00eenapoi \u00een mare prin introducerea obliga\u021biei de a debarca toate capturile. Obliga\u021bia de debarcare (LO) ar fi trebuit s\u0103 fie introdus\u0103 treptat din 2015 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2019 pentru toate activit\u0103\u021bile de pescuit comercial (specii aflate sub TAC sau sub dimensiunile minime) \u00een apele europene \u0219i pentru navele europene care pescuiesc \u00een largul m\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, un fir care se reg\u0103se\u0219te \u00een prezent\u0103rile tuturor vorbitorilor la aceast\u0103 audiere a fost faptul c\u0103, la nivelul statelor membre, LO nu este pus \u00een aplicare \u00een mod eficient. Printre vorbitori s-a num\u0103rat \u0219i fostul pescar Jerry Percy, consilier principal al LIFE \u0219i director al NUTFA (New Under Ten Fishermen's Association of the UK). Prezentarea sa este disponibil aici<\/a>\u0219i, baz\u00e2ndu-se pe experien\u021ba sa din Marea Britanie, a scris articolul de mai jos pentru LIFE.<\/p>\n

LO: conceput pentru traulere, nu este potrivit pentru pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 cu impact redus.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Este foarte clar c\u0103 obliga\u021bia de debarcare [LO] a fost scris\u0103 cu g\u00e2ndul la uneltele mobile la scar\u0103 mare. Doar o ilustrare a acestei concentr\u0103ri de interes este eviden\u021biat\u0103 de diferen\u021ba masiv\u0103 dintre studiile privind capturile aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare realizate \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te sectoarele la scar\u0103 mare \u0219i, respectiv, la scar\u0103 mic\u0103, respectiv 3 760 la scar\u0103 mare \u0219i 164 la scar\u0103 mic\u0103. Acest lucru face ca cerin\u021bele din LO este \u00een mod clar inadecvat \u0219i, prin urmare, nu este adecvat scopului urm\u0103rit <\/em><\/strong>\u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te flota la scar\u0103 mic\u0103, mai ales c\u0103 aproximativ 80% dintre care folosesc mai degrab\u0103 unelte pasive dec\u00e2t mobile<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Combina\u021bia dintre un impact relativ sc\u0103zut asupra stocurilor, datorat at\u00e2t dimensiunii navelor, c\u00e2t \u0219i lipsei de putere de pescuit care rezult\u0103 din aceasta, combinat\u0103 cu utilizarea uneltelor pasive, multe dintre acestea produc\u00e2nd o captur\u0103 vie care poate fi returnat\u0103 nev\u0103t\u0103mat\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103, constituie un argument puternic pentru a nu le pune \u00een aceea\u0219i situa\u021bie cu sectorul de dimensiuni mai mari. Mai mult, sectorul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 ar trebui, de fapt, s\u0103 fie recunoscut \u0219i recompensat pentru acest impact mai redus \u0219i pentru lipsa de arunc\u0103ri \u00eenapoi \u00een mare prin acordarea de posibilit\u0103\u021bi de pescuit suplimentare, cel mai bine asigurate prin intermediul articolului 17 din PCP. Acesta prevede c\u0103 \"\u00cen cadrul posibilit\u0103\u021bilor de pescuit care le sunt alocate<\/em>, Statele membre depun eforturi pentru a oferi stimulente navelor de pescuit care utilizeaz\u0103 unelte de pescuit selective sau tehnici de pescuit cu un impact redus asupra mediului, cum ar fi un consum redus de energie sau deteriorarea habitatelor.\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Strategia de descurajare a pescarilor de la aruncarea capturilor \u00eenapoi \u00een mare, precum \u0219i LO, trebuie reg\u00e2ndite.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pescarii sunt pescari \u0219i niciun pescar nu se ridic\u0103 din pat \u0219i decide c\u0103 nu vrea s\u0103 prind\u0103 mult pe\u0219te ast\u0103zi.<\/em><\/strong> Ra\u021biunea noastr\u0103 de a fi este de a prinde pe\u0219te, mult pe\u0219te, \u0219i am devenit foarte buni la acest lucru \u0219i, pentru c\u0103 am devenit foarte buni la acest lucru, avem nevoie \u00een mod inevitabil de sisteme care s\u0103 ne \u00eempiedice s\u0103 prindem prea mult pe\u0219te.<\/p>\n

\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, statele membre \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bin angajamentul de a aborda problema capturilor aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare \u0219i aceasta este \u00eenc\u0103 un element viu at\u00e2t pentru organiza\u021biile neguvernamentale europene, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru public, a\u0219a c\u0103, \u00een calitate de industrie, nu putem pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 o ignor\u0103m, deoarece nu va disp\u0103rea prea cur\u00e2nd.<\/p>\n

E\u0219ecurile actuale ale LO se datoreaz\u0103 \u00een mare parte la doi factori majori.<\/p>\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, faptul c\u0103, de la \u00eenfiin\u021barea LO, a existat foarte pu\u021bin\u0103 monitorizare sau aplicare real\u0103 a LO. Acest lucru este exemplificat de un comentariu recent al unui oficial din cadrul organiza\u021biei de gestionare a mediului marin (MMO) din Regatul Unit, potrivit c\u0103ruia 2018\/19 a fost considerat mai degrab\u0103 o etap\u0103 de \"educa\u021bie\" dec\u00e2t una de aplicare. \u00cen plus, \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 LO este \u00een vigoare pentru Marea Baltic\u0103 din 2015, este de notorietate, inclusiv \u00een cadrul statelor membre \u00een cauz\u0103, faptul c\u0103 capturile aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare continu\u0103 s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 50% pentru unele specii. Pe aceast\u0103 baz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile unei monitoriz\u0103ri \u00een timp real sau ale unei aplic\u0103ri foarte reduse a capturilor aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare, nu este deloc surprinz\u0103tor faptul c\u0103 pescarii continu\u0103 s\u0103 arunce pe\u0219tele.<\/p>\n

Pentru a \u00eencuraja o schimbare de cultur\u0103 sunt necesare at\u00e2t morcovi, c\u00e2t \u0219i bastoane.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, este la fel de clar c\u0103, \u00een ultimii ani, s-au depus multe eforturi excelente pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi selectivitatea uneltelor mobile, iar capturile aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare au sc\u0103zut semnificativ \u00een cazul multor pesc\u0103rii. Cu toate acestea, r\u0103m\u00e2ne faptul c\u0103 aruncarea capturilor \u00eenapoi \u00een mare este \u00eenc\u0103 prezent\u0103 \u00een sectorul mobil, exist\u0103 o cerin\u021b\u0103 legal\u0103 care face ca aruncarea capturilor \u00eenapoi \u00een mare s\u0103 fie ilegal\u0103 [fie c\u0103 ne place sau nu] \u0219i sunt necesare at\u00e2t morcovi, c\u00e2t \u0219i bastoane pentru a \u00eencuraja \u0219i sprijini pescarii s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i schimbe cultura, precum \u0219i uneltele de pescuit, dac\u0103 se dore\u0219te ca aruncarea capturilor \u00eenapoi \u00een mare s\u0103 fie redus\u0103 la cel mai mic nivel posibil. Printre numero\u0219ii \"elefan\u021bi din sal\u0103\" la care au f\u0103cut referire diver\u0219i vorbitori la recenta audiere din Parlamentul European pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103, unul care nu a fost men\u021bionat \u00een mod special a fost faptul c\u0103 angrenajele mobile nu sunt selective \u00een mod inerent \u00een acela\u0219i mod ca \u0219i angrenajele pasive, de unde \u0219i provocarea aparent insurmontabil\u0103 de a le face substan\u021bial selective.<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Este, de asemenea, un fapt c\u0103 cel mai mare expert \u00een tehnologia angrenajelor din Marea Britanie \u0219i, probabil, din UE, a declarat recent c\u0103 provocarea sa nu a fost doar de a dezvolta angrenaje mai selective, ci a fost o lupt\u0103 egal\u0103 pentru a-i convinge pe pescari s\u0103 le foloseasc\u0103 efectiv<\/em><\/strong>. Poate c\u0103 nu este surprinz\u0103tor faptul c\u0103 unele dintre uneltele mai selective pierd \u00een mod inevitabil o parte din speciile \u021bint\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 evite al\u021bi pe\u0219ti, de unde \u0219i reticen\u021ba unor operatori de unelte mobile de a se schimba, dar trebuie s\u0103 se schimbe pentru a nu \u00eenc\u0103lca legea \u0219i, de asemenea, pentru a evita s\u0103 dea faliment din cauza opririi pescuitului \u00eentr-un scenariu de specii blocate [\u021bin\u00e2nd cont nu numai de cotele de captur\u0103 zero pentru 2019 pentru unele specii \u00een anumite zone, ci \u0219i de starea jalnic\u0103 a codului din Marea Nordului, care se prefigureaz\u0103 a fi o specie care ar putea fi o specie blocat\u0103 pentru multe nave].<\/p>\n

C\u00e2teva propuneri<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]: \u00een prezent, camerele de luat vederi [REM] reprezint\u0103 singura modalitate fiabil\u0103 de monitorizare a capturilor aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare la bordul navelor de pescuit. Este cert c\u0103 tehnologia se va \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi \u00een timp, dar, \u00een prezent, camerele de luat vederi reprezint\u0103 cea mai rentabil\u0103 \u0219i mai dovedit\u0103 op\u021biune.<\/p>\n

[2]: Toate navele cu unelte mobile care dep\u0103\u0219esc o anumit\u0103 lungime [12 metri? \/ 15 metri?], precum \u0219i navele mai mari cu plase pasive ar trebui s\u0103 fie obligate s\u0103 fie dotate cu camere de luat vederi \u0219i poate \u0219i cu alte dispozitive REM, pl\u0103tite prin intermediul EMFF \u0219i al succesorilor s\u0103i [precum \u0219i, probabil, prin intermediul sanc\u021biunilor financiare suportate din cauza pescuitului excesiv].<\/p>\n

[3]: A\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een prezent, ar trebui s\u0103 se acorde \u00een continuare cre\u0219teri ale cotelor navelor pentru a compensa \u00eentr-o oarecare m\u0103sur\u0103 faptul c\u0103 nu mai pot arunca \u00eenapoi \u00een mare.<\/p>\n

[4]: TO\u021aI pe\u0219tii captura\u021bi trebuie s\u0103 fie debarca\u021bi<\/p>\n

[5]: TO\u021aI pe\u0219tii adecva\u021bi pentru consumul uman ar trebui s\u0103 fie v\u00e2ndu\u021bi pentru consumul uman [sunt excluse doar acele specii capturate special pentru f\u0103in\u0103 de pe\u0219te - dar care, evident, se scad din cote \u0218I necesit\u0103 camere de luat vederi pe navele \u00een cauz\u0103].<\/p>\n

[6]: Pescarii nu sunt penaliza\u021bi prin intermediul cotelor pe care le de\u021bin pentru debarc\u0103rile peste cot\u0103 [este contraproductiv s\u0103 se reduc\u0103 cota \u00een urma unei \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri care, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 pescarul este restric\u021bionat \u0219i mai mult la urm\u0103toarea c\u0103l\u0103torie \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe]. NB; incapacitatea actual\u0103 a sectorului de sub zece ani din Regatul Unit de a putea face schimb de cote reprezint\u0103 un obstacol serios \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te flexibilitatea cotelor \u0219i a capturilor, disponibil\u0103 \u00een prezent numai pentru sectorul PO de peste zece ani [\u00een ciuda existen\u021bei unei PO de coast\u0103 recunoscute oficial pentru sectorul de sub zece ani]. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere LO, aceasta este o component\u0103 absolut vital\u0103 \u00een cadrul acestui aspect al ini\u021biativei.<\/p>\n

[7]: se introduce o scar\u0103 progresiv\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te sanc\u021biunea pentru debarcarea de pe\u0219te peste cota navei. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, valoarea debarc\u0103rii peste cot\u0103 este imediat sc\u0103zut\u0103 din valoarea total\u0103 a debarc\u0103rilor din timpul ie\u0219irii \u00een larg \u0219i, \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, se impune o scar\u0103 progresiv\u0103 de penalizare legat\u0103 direct de greutate [sau de un procent din debarcare]. Sugestia ini\u021bial\u0103 este ca sanc\u021biunea s\u0103 fie egal\u0103 cu valoarea elementului de debarcare peste cot\u0103 al debarc\u0103rii [de exemplu, o debarcare de 1 000 de lire sterline peste cot\u0103 duce la o sanc\u021biune total\u0103 de 2 000 de lire sterline], dar ar trebui s\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare o scal\u0103 progresiv\u0103, poate bazat\u0103 pe premisa c\u0103, cu c\u00e2t debarcarea dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cota, cu at\u00e2t sanc\u021biunea este mai mare, asigur\u00e2ndu-se astfel c\u0103 o debarcare continu\u0103 s\u0103 asigure un venit indiferent de m\u0103rimea navei, dar, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, este redus\u0103 \u0219i \u00eei penalizeaz\u0103 pe cei care au un impact mai mare prin capturarea de pe\u0219te peste cot\u0103. Cu c\u00e2t este mai mare debarcarea peste cot\u0103, cu at\u00e2t este mai mare penalizarea.<\/p>\n

Premisa de baz\u0103 este c\u0103 pescarul nu beneficiaz\u0103 financiar de pe urma debarc\u0103rii acestor pe\u0219ti \u0219i este din ce \u00een ce mai mult penalizat pentru c\u0103 face acest lucru, mai ales dac\u0103 repet\u0103 pescuitul excesiv, caz \u00een care sanc\u021biunile financiare ar trebui s\u0103 creasc\u0103.<\/p>\n

Recunoa\u0219tem c\u0103 faptul de a nu penaliza pescarii din punct de vedere al cotelor pentru debarcarea de pe\u0219te peste cot\u0103 contravine logicii de gestionare a pescuitului, dar istoria sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 acest lucru este de fapt contraproductiv, deoarece reducerile rezultate \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te accesul la cot\u0103 genereaz\u0103 o spiral\u0103 descendent\u0103, deoarece mai pu\u021bine cote \u00eenseamn\u0103 mai multe \"arunc\u0103ri \u00eenapoi \u00een mare\" \u0219i pur \u0219i simplu nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103. Sugestia de mai sus recunoa\u0219te c\u0103, ini\u021bial, va exista un element de debarcare peste cot\u0103, dar sanc\u021biunile, \u00een special dac\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 pe o scar\u0103 progresiv\u0103, vor oferi pescarilor o \u00eencurajare mai mult dec\u00e2t suficient\u0103 pentru a evita foarte repede \"capturile aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare\". [\u00een acela\u0219i timp, ar putea fi introdus\u0103 o m\u0103sur\u0103 de siguran\u021b\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe o reducere a cotei alocate unei nave pentru a se asigura c\u0103 nu se produce un abuz general al sistemului \u00een cazul unor debarc\u0103ri foarte semnificative sau continue peste cot\u0103, poate viz\u00e2nd elementul de cre\u0219tere a cotei].<\/p>\n

Abordarea descris\u0103 mai sus rezolv\u0103, de asemenea, problemele eviden\u021biate de mul\u021bi comentatori, \u0219i anume c\u0103 nu va fi nevoie s\u0103 se separe capturile la bord, nu va fi nevoie de munc\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 pentru echipaj, nu va exista niciun pericol de contaminare \u00eencruci\u0219at\u0103, nu va fi nevoie s\u0103 se transporte cutii suplimentare \u0219i va exista o \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire general\u0103 a siguran\u021bei fa\u021b\u0103 de modelul actual. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, nu va fi nevoie de resurse suplimentare pe uscat \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te sistemele de tratare a capturilor debarcate care nu sunt destinate consumului uman \u0219i nu vor exista oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru activit\u0103\u021bi ilegale axate pe utilizarea abuziv\u0103 a acestui element al capturilor debarcate.<\/p>\n

\u00cen concluzie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niciunui pescar nu \u00eei place s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare, cu at\u00e2t mai pu\u021bin s\u0103 promoveze o form\u0103 de sanc\u021biune pentru procesul de pescuit, dar \u00eengrijorarea noastr\u0103 este c\u0103, dac\u0103 industria nu vine cu idei, atunci oficialit\u0103\u021bile o vor face cu siguran\u021b\u0103. Cu toate c\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, va fi nevoie de modific\u0103ri ale ini\u021biativei de baz\u0103 prezentate aici, \u00een special \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te penalit\u0103\u021bile procentuale, poten\u021bialele sc\u0103ri mobile men\u021bionate \u0219i un mecanism de protec\u021bie, consider\u0103m c\u0103 premisa de baz\u0103 este solid\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 abordarea actual\u0103 c\u0103tre LO este pur \u0219i simplu nesustenabil\u0103 \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 g\u0103sim urgent o alternativ\u0103 practic\u0103 pentru a evita fie falimentarea pescarilor, fie obligarea lor la activit\u0103\u021bi ilegale.<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2666 \u2666 \u2666<\/h3>\n\n
\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Landings Obligation \u2013 No Simple Answers 11th of December 2019 Jeremy Percy On Monday, 2 December 2019, the PECH (Fisheries) Committee of the European Parliament organized a public hearing on State of play of the Landing Obligation: challenges and best practices (https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/cmsdata\/189086\/Final%20Programme%20PECH%20public%20hearing-Landing%20Obligation_2.12.2019.2_EN-original.pdf). During the previous session of the Parliament, just over 18 months ago […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[1239,1442],"class_list":["post-17016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-landing-obligation","tag-pech-committee","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"\nA LIFE reflection on the LO - Life Platform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/ro\/the-lo-by-life\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A LIFE reflection on the LO - Life Platform\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Landings Obligation \u2013 No Simple Answers 11th of December 2019 Jeremy Percy On Monday, 2 December 2019, the PECH (Fisheries) Committee of the European Parliament organized a public hearing on State of play of the Landing Obligation: challenges and best practices (https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/cmsdata\/189086\/Final%20Programme%20PECH%20public%20hearing-Landing%20Obligation_2.12.2019.2_EN-original.pdf). 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