{"id":10797,"date":"2018-05-31T12:31:36","date_gmt":"2018-05-31T12:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/?p=10797"},"modified":"2018-05-31T12:31:36","modified_gmt":"2018-05-31T12:31:36","slug":"choking-landing-obligation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/ro\/choking-landing-obligation\/","title":{"rendered":"Sufocarea obliga\u021biei de aterizare"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Sufocarea obliga\u021biei de aterizare: <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

mesaje mixte, \u00eentreb\u0103ri dificile \u0219i opinii divergente la Bruxelles<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bruxelles, 31 mai 2018<\/p>\n

Brian O \"Riordan<\/p>\n

Obliga\u021bia de aterizare (LO) este una dintre cele mai importante \u0219i controversate m\u0103suri care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie introduse \u00een politica comun\u0103 \u00een domeniul pescuitului (PCP) reformat\u0103 \u00een 2013.<\/strong> Conceput pentru a aborda at\u00e2t problemele etice (risipa de alimente), c\u00e2t \u0219i cele legate de conservare (selectivitate\/ supraexploatare), acesta a ap\u0103rut ca un tr\u0103snet din senin, \u00een urma unei campanii extrem de intense, adresat\u0103 at\u00e2t publicului larg, c\u00e2t \u0219i factorilor de decizie europeni \u0219i condus\u0103 de personalit\u0103\u021bi de televiziune. Ea nu a fost deloc anticipat\u0103 \u00een Cartea verde din 2009 \u0219i nu s-a alocat prea mult timp pentru a stabili cum ar putea fi pus\u0103 \u00een practic\u0103 o astfel de m\u0103sur\u0103. Abordarea preferat\u0103 de DG Mare \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te punerea \u00een aplicare a fost introducerea treptat\u0103 a LO pe o perioad\u0103 de 4 ani (2015-2019), abord\u00e2nd problemele \u0219i rezolv\u00e2nd problemele pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce acestea apar, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 anticipeze \u0219i s\u0103 rezolve problemele \u00een avans.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 trei ani \u0219i jum\u0103tate de punere \u00een aplicare \u0219i cu doar 7 luni \u00eenainte de intrarea sa deplin\u0103 \u00een vigoare<\/strong>, este de sperat c\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, majoritatea ridurilor de pe LO au fost eliminate.<\/p>\n

Aceasta a fost impresia dat\u0103 de dl Karmenu Vella, comisarul pentru afaceri maritime \u0219i pescuit, \u00eentr-un discurs \u021binut \u00een fa\u021ba Comisiei pentru pescuit a Parlamentului European la 15 mai. Acesta a subliniat c\u0103: \"Normele sunt clare: de la 1 ianuarie 2019, obliga\u021bia de debarcare se va aplica tuturor capturilor de specii care fac obiectul unor limite de captur\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een Marea Mediteran\u0103, al unor dimensiuni minime. Acestea sunt regulile PCP, convenite de to\u021bi \u0219i bine cunoscute de mai bine de patru ani. Regulile nu pot fi schimbate la jum\u0103tatea timpului printr-un meci.... Aceasta ar submina PCP reformat\u0103. \u0218i ne-ar afecta credibilitatea<\/em>.\"<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, o astfel de claritate a viziunii \u0219i a scopului au lipsit din discu\u021biile purtate \u00een Parlamentul European \u00een ziua precedent\u0103, \u00een timpul unui atelier de lucru privind \"Obliga\u021bia de debarcare \u0219i speciile-\u021bint\u0103 \u00een pesc\u0103riile multispecii \u0219i mixte\".<\/strong> \u00cen urma prezent\u0103rii \u0219i a discu\u021biilor pe marginea a 3 studii de caz din apele de nord-vest, Marea Nordului \u0219i apele de sud-vest, dl Alain Cadec, pre\u0219edintele Comisiei pentru pescuit, a concluzionat c\u0103:<\/em> Diagnosticul este foarte clar: incertitudine, dificultate, complexitate... Nu regret c\u0103 am votat \u00eempotriva obliga\u021biei de debarcare...<\/em>\".<\/p>\n

Nici unul dintre cei 9 deputa\u021bi care au luat cuv\u00e2ntul \u00een timpul discu\u021biei nu a ap\u0103rat obliga\u021bia de debarcare (LO).<\/strong> Unul dintre ei a subliniat c\u0103 oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 nu au oferit nicio solu\u021bie \u0219i c\u0103 LO nu poate fi pus\u0103 \u00een aplicare la 1 ianuarie 2019. Un altul a vorbit despre confuzie \u0219i probleme \u0219i a solicitat o perioad\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie mai lung\u0103 \u0219i mai mult\u0103 flexibilitate. Un altul a afirmat c\u0103 LO nu este compatibil cu un sistem de captur\u0103 total\u0103 admisibil\u0103 [TAC] \/ cote \u0219i c\u0103 este dificil de \u00eencadrat \u00een cazul pescuitului mixt. A existat chiar \u0219i un apel pentru un plan B.<\/p>\n

Reprezentantul DG Mare a fost de acord c\u0103 a existat insecuritate \u0219i haos, dar a opinat c\u0103 \"setul de instrumente\" al LO (schimburi de cote\/flexibilitate, dispozi\u021bii de minimis, cre\u0219teri ale TAC, derog\u0103ri etc.) nu este utilizat suficient.<\/strong> Reprezentantul a observat, de asemenea, c\u0103 oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 nu sunt \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 ofere o imagine complet\u0103 a problemei sufoc\u0103rii; \"nu se sufoc\u0103 pentru c\u0103 LO nu este \u00eenc\u0103 pe deplin implementat<\/em>\". Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 LO este implementat progresiv, este nevoie de mai mult timp \u0219i r\u0103bdare pentru a vedea cum evolueaz\u0103 lucrurile, precum \u0219i de necesitatea de a privi LO \"altfel\", a concluzionat ea.<\/p>\n

Cazul M\u0103rii Nordului<\/strong> a eviden\u021biat complexitatea definirii unor activit\u0103\u021bi de pescuit specifice, clasificate \u00een func\u021bie de o mare varietate de metereze, sezoane, specii etc. Prezentatorul, un om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 francez, a subliniat faptul c\u0103 mortalitatea prin pescuit \u00een Marea Nordului este din nou \u00een cre\u0219tere \u0219i c\u0103 este posibil s\u0103 se piard\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tigurile din trecut. De asemenea, a men\u021bionat c\u0103 problemele de sufocare vor deveni o problem\u0103 doar dac\u0103 LO este implementat\u0103 cu stricte\u021be. \u00cen prezent, problemele de sufocare nu au fost observate sau raportate la CSTEP.<\/p>\n

Cazul apelor sud-vestice a eviden\u021biat faptul c\u0103 combina\u021bia dintre FMSY \u0219i LO va crea probleme serioase \u0219i va duce la \u00eenchiderea activit\u0103\u021bilor de pescuit. S-a observat c\u0103 sufocarea este o problem\u0103 dinamic\u0103, \u00een special av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere schimb\u0103rile climatice. S-a concluzionat c\u0103 impactul sufoc\u0103rii se va schimba \u00een timp - o situa\u021bie complicat\u0103 care va r\u0103m\u00e2ne complicat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Diverse \u00eentreb\u0103ri au fost adresate de c\u0103tre deputa\u021bii europeni, printre care una din partea unui deputat galician privind impactul LO asupra pescuitului la scar\u0103 mic\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere inegalitatea distribu\u021biei cotelor.<\/strong> \u00cen Galicia, cea mai important\u0103 regiune de pescuit din Europa \u0219i cea mai dependent\u0103 de pescuit, 90% din flota de 4 500 de nave de pescuit este clasificat\u0103 ca fiind \"artes menores\", cuprinz\u00e2nd nave cu o lungime medie de 8,8 metri care utilizeaz\u0103 unelte pasive. Majoritatea acestor nave opereaz\u0103 \u00een pesc\u0103rii mixte, \u00een care se g\u0103sesc at\u00e2t specii aflate sub cot\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i specii f\u0103r\u0103 cot\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, la fel ca \u00een alte state membre europene, flota de pescuit cu unelte pasive la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 are un acces limitat la cote, deoarece nu are istoricul capturilor necesar pentru a se califica pentru acestea. Gestionarea cotelor a fost introdus\u0103 ca o m\u0103sur\u0103 pentru flotele de dimensiuni mai mari, iar \u00een prezent este impus\u0103 flotelor de dimensiuni mici prin intermediul LO, \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 cea mai mare parte a cotelor este alocat\u0103 flotei de dimensiuni mai mari. Acest lucru face ca gestionarea cotelor \u0219i, prin urmare, LO, s\u0103 fie discriminatorie \u00een mod nedrept fa\u021b\u0103 de navele mai mici.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, a fost adresat\u0103 o \u00eentrebare \u00een numele operatorilor sco\u021bieni de traulere demersale, pentru care una dintre principalele specii \u021bint\u0103 este codul \u0219i care vor fi puternic afecta\u021bi de blocaje. Ace\u0219tia au \u00eentrebat care \"pilon\" al PCP ar trebui sacrificat - nivelurile de pescuit stabilite la MSY, punerea \u00een aplicare a LO sau pescarii.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prezentatorul cazului din Marea Nordului a observat c\u0103 desfiin\u021barea LO nu va rezolva nimic, c\u0103 problema capturilor aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare nu se va rezolva de la sine. \u00cen opinia sa, LO a fost un instrument util pentru sensibilizarea cu privire la problema capturilor aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare, dar acum a sosit momentul s\u0103 se analizeze dou\u0103 obiective diferite, dar legate \u00eentre ele:<\/p>\n

a) dorin\u021ba de a reduce capturile aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare \u0219i<\/p>\n

b) dorin\u021ba de a debarca toate capturile.<\/p>\n

Aceasta din urm\u0103 este adesea considerat\u0103 cea mai rea op\u021biune, dar, de asemenea, aruncarea necontrolat\u0103 a capturilor \u00eenapoi \u00een mare \u00eenseamn\u0103 un efort de pescuit necontrolat. Ea a considerat c\u0103 \"documentarea precis\u0103 a capturilor aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare este mai important\u0103 pentru realizarea sustenabilit\u0103\u021bii dec\u00e2t obliga\u021bia de a debarca. TOATE<\/strong> pe\u0219te prins<\/em>\". \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 (SSF), aceasta a considerat c\u0103 s-au f\u0103cut multe cercet\u0103ri \u0219i c\u0103 problema capturilor aruncate \u00eenapoi \u00een mare de SSF ar putea fi rezumat\u0103 prin maxima c\u0103, la fel ca \u0219i \u00een cazul copiilor, b\u0103rcile mici = probleme mici, b\u0103rcile mari = probleme mari. O astfel de viziune nu se reflect\u0103 \u00een realit\u0103\u021bile diferite cu care trebuie s\u0103 se confrunte diferitele flote, \u00een special \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te localizarea restr\u00e2ns\u0103 \u0219i caracterul sezonier al opera\u021biunilor de pescuit la scar\u0103 mic\u0103, \u00een compara\u021bie cu natura extrem de mobil\u0103, gama mai larg\u0103 \u0219i activitatea pe tot parcursul anului a opera\u021biunilor la scar\u0103 mai mare. Fie c\u0103 este vorba de o scar\u0103 mare sau mic\u0103, LIFE consider\u0103 c\u0103, pentru toate segmentele flotei, riscul unui faliment iminent reprezint\u0103 o problem\u0103 major\u0103, indiferent de dimensiunea navei.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un astfel de punct de vedere a fost exprimat de cercet\u0103torul spaniol care a prezentat cazul Southwestern Waters. El a considerat c\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t SSF \u0219i LSF sunt foarte diferite, este necesar\u0103 o abordare diferit\u0103 pentru fiecare segment de flot\u0103.<\/p>\n

Prezentatorul de la apele nord-vestice, un om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 irlandez, a r\u0103spuns la \u00eentrebarea sco\u021bian\u0103 spun\u00e2nd c\u0103, dac\u0103 sectorul pescuitului nu va pescui \u00een mod durabil, nu este vorba de renun\u021barea la pescari, ci mai degrab\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 ace\u0219tia \u00ee\u0219i vor pierde pie\u021bele din cauza presiunilor consumatorilor. Aceasta a fost alegerea pe care a sim\u021bit-o: fie s\u0103 se conformeze LO, fie s\u0103-\u0219i piard\u0103 pie\u021bele. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te SSF, alocarea a fost o problem\u0103 na\u021bional\u0103, iar statele trebuie s\u0103 decid\u0103 cum aloc\u0103 cotele \u0219i cum trateaz\u0103 SSF.<\/p>\n

Din punctul de vedere al organiza\u021biei Low Impact Fishers of Europe (LIFE), LO va avea o un impact dispropor\u021bionat asupra opera\u021biunilor de pescuit polivalent cu unelte pasive la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 (nave cu o lungime mai mic\u0103 de 12 metri care utilizeaz\u0103 unelte neremorcate).<\/strong> \u00cen general, aceste opera\u021biuni sunt extrem de selective, cu rate foarte sc\u0103zute de aruncare a capturilor \u00eenapoi \u00een mare, \u00een compara\u021bie cu traulul \u0219i alte unelte de pescuit remorcate. Doar pentru c\u0103 exist\u0103 mai pu\u021bine arunc\u0103ri \u00eenapoi \u00een mare \u00een SSF nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 acestea sunt mai pu\u021bin afectate de LO. \u00cen mod sigur, LO a fost conceput\u0103 cu g\u00e2ndul la sectorul uneltelor de pescuit mobile la scar\u0103 larg\u0103, nu la sectorul uneltelor pasive cu impact redus. Acest lucru se reflect\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103, \u00een ultimele decenii, au fost publicate 3 924 de lucr\u0103ri \u0219tiin\u021bifice legate de problema arunc\u0103rii capturilor \u00eenapoi \u00een mare, dintre care 3 760 s-au concentrat asupra opera\u021biunilor la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u0219i numai 164 au luat \u00een considerare implica\u021biile pentru SSF.<\/p>\n

Lipsa accesului operatorilor din sectorul pescuitului la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 la cota necesar\u0103 pentru a r\u0103m\u00e2ne viabili atunci c\u00e2nd LO va fi implementat\u0103 integral \u00een 2019 \u00eei face foarte vulnerabili la \"sufocare\" \u0219i la faptul c\u0103 vor fi for\u021ba\u021bi fie s\u0103 se blocheze \u0219i s\u0103 dea faliment, fie s\u0103 \u00eencalce legea \u0219i s\u0103 suporte consecin\u021bele. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te SSF, LIFE se teme c\u0103 politica de captur\u0103 zero ar putea deveni o politic\u0103 de pescuit zero \u0219i de venituri zero pentru SSF.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prin urmare, LIFE pledeaz\u0103 pentru o dubl\u0103 abordare a LO pentru SSF. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, trebuie s\u0103 se asigure o alocare echitabil\u0103 \u0219i corect\u0103 a cotelor pentru a permite SSF s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i planifice \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i gestioneze opera\u021biunile. O astfel de alocare ar trebui s\u0103 implice o anumit\u0103 punere \u00een comun a cotelor, care s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi utilizat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de necesit\u0103\u021bi pentru a rezolva problema de sufocare, atunci c\u00e2nd aceasta apare. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, pentru segmentul de coast\u0103 al flotei SSF, trecerea la gestionarea efortului de pescuit ar putea oferi o modalitate mai echitabil\u0103 \u0219i mai eficient\u0103 de abordare at\u00e2t a problemei accesului, c\u00e2t \u0219i a celei a arunc\u0103rii \u00eenapoi \u00een mare.<\/p>\n

Informa\u021bii suplimentare:<\/p>\n

Discursul lui Vella \u00een fa\u021ba Parlamentului din ziua urm\u0103toare https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/commissioners\/2014-2019\/vella\/announcements\/speech-commissioner-vella-european-parliament-pech-committee_en<\/a><\/p>\n

DGMare informa\u021bii: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/fisheries\/cfp\/fishing_rules\/discards\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Atelier de lucru al Comitetului P\u00eache privind obliga\u021bia de debarcare \u0219i speciile de sugrumare: https:\/\/research4committees.blog\/2018\/05\/28\/pech-workshop-landing-obligation-and-choke-species-in-multispecies-and-mixed-fisheries-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Pescuitul la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 \u0219i obiectivul de captur\u0103 zero. Parlamentul European, DG Politici interne. 2015 http:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2015\/540360\/IPOL_STU(2015)540360_EN.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2666 \u2666 \u2666<\/h3>\n\n
\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cenecarea cu obliga\u021bia de debarcare: mesaje contradictorii, \u00eentreb\u0103ri dificile \u0219i opinii divergente la Bruxelles Bruxelles, 31 mai 2018 Brian O \"Riordan Obliga\u021bia de debarcare (ODB) este una dintre cele mai controversate \u0219i de mare anvergur\u0103 m\u0103suri care au fost introduse \u00een politica comun\u0103 \u00een domeniul pescuitului (PCP) reformat\u0103 \u00een 2013. Conceput\u0103 pentru a aborda at\u00e2t aspectele etice (risipa de alimente) [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10798,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[1088,1239,444],"class_list":["post-10797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-brussels","tag-landing-obligation","tag-management","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"\nChoking on the Landing Obligation - Life Platform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/ro\/choking-landing-obligation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Choking on the Landing Obligation - Life Platform\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Choking on the Landing Obligation: mixed messages, tough questions and dissenting views in Brussels   Brussels, 31st of May 2018 Brian O”Riordan The Landing Obligation (LO) is one of the most far reaching and controversial measures to be introduced into the reformed Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) of 2013. 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