{"id":21993,"date":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/?p=21993"},"modified":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","slug":"disappearing-fish-industrial-catches-for-fishmeal-in-the-baltic-are-vanishing-important-bycatches-of-salmon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/fr\/disappearing-fish-industrial-catches-for-fishmeal-in-the-baltic-are-vanishing-important-bycatches-of-salmon\/","title":{"rendered":"Des poissons qui disparaissent ! Les captures industrielles de farine de poisson dans la mer Baltique font dispara\u00eetre d'importantes prises accessoires de saumon."},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans toute l'Union europ\u00e9enne, les p\u00eacheurs sont soumis \u00e0 des mesures de contr\u00f4le rigoureuses. Le capitaine doit d\u00e9clarer officiellement les captures estim\u00e9es, en termes de poids et d'esp\u00e8ces. Lorsque ces d\u00e9barquements sont contr\u00f4l\u00e9s, il existe une marge de tol\u00e9rance de 10% par esp\u00e8ce, bien que les captures en provenance de la Baltique b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d'une marge de 20%. Cette mesure s'inscrit dans le cadre des efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par l'Europe pour lutter contre la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale et garantir une d\u00e9claration plus pr\u00e9cise des captures \u00e0 des fins de gestion.<\/span><\/p>\n

L'UE a adopt\u00e9 sa nouvelle<\/span> R\u00e8glement sur le contr\u00f4le de la p\u00eache en 2024<\/span><\/a> avec des r\u00e8gles plus strictes en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9claration des captures pour tous les p\u00eacheurs. Toutefois, les navires dont les captures sont les plus importantes, mixtes et non tri\u00e9es, principalement destin\u00e9es aux usines de fabrication de farine de poisson et donc export\u00e9es en dehors de l'Union, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exempt\u00e9s par la Commission de l'obligation de d\u00e9clarer la marge de tol\u00e9rance, <\/span>\u00e0 condition qu'ils atterrissent dans l'un des sept ports r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s.<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ces ports sont tous situ\u00e9s dans des \u00c9tats membres de la Baltique, dont six au Danemark et un en Lettonie. Le Danemark est le pays de l'UE qui enregistre le plus grand nombre de d\u00e9barquements et la p\u00eache non s\u00e9lective pratiqu\u00e9e par les chalutiers est d\u00e9sormais encourag\u00e9e par la Commission par le biais des dispositions relatives aux ports r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Selon la Commission, \u201cla marge de tol\u00e9rance est la diff\u00e9rence maximale autoris\u00e9e entre les estimations de captures effectu\u00e9es par les capitaines des navires de p\u00eache et le poids r\u00e9el des poissons captur\u00e9s. La d\u00e9rogation (ports list\u00e9s) permet aux op\u00e9rateurs de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d'une approche plus souple en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9claration des captures dans les journaux de bord lorsqu'ils d\u00e9barquent dans des ports list\u00e9s\u201d.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Comme LIFE l'a d\u00e9j\u00e0 indiqu\u00e9 dans ce <\/span>article<\/span><\/a>, En outre, cette exemption profite de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e aux grands navires qui d\u00e9barquent des volumes importants de captures de faible valeur, en particulier dans le secteur de la farine de poisson, ce qui leur permet de contourner les exigences plus strictes en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9claration. Ce syst\u00e8me injuste place les autres segments de la flotte dans une position concurrentielle d\u00e9savantageuse et soul\u00e8ve de s\u00e9rieuses pr\u00e9occupations en mati\u00e8re de transparence et de durabilit\u00e9, soulignant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mettre en place des r\u00e8gles du jeu \u00e9quitables dans le secteur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Actuellement, la Commission a choisi de s'appuyer sur des m\u00e9thodes inefficaces pour mesurer les prises accessoires, un syst\u00e8me de surveillance \u00e9lectronique \u00e0 distance (REM) utilisant des cam\u00e9ras vid\u00e9o CCTV. Ce syst\u00e8me est en place depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es et ne s'est pas av\u00e9r\u00e9 efficace pour d\u00e9clarer avec pr\u00e9cision les prises accessoires, sans parler de l'analyse de la composition par esp\u00e8ce des captures de petits p\u00e9lagiques non tri\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

LIFE pr\u00e9conise l'utilisation de techniques de contr\u00f4le modernes et plus efficaces, telles que l'ADN \u00e9lectronique, pour \u00e9valuer la composition des esp\u00e8ces dans les captures p\u00e9lagiques mixtes non tri\u00e9es. Dans la mer Baltique, cette technique devrait \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour surveiller et identifier les prises accessoires de cabillaud et de saumon en particulier.<\/span> DTU Aqua<\/span><\/a> m\u00e8ne des recherches et des essais sur cette technologie depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es et le Forum r\u00e9gional des p\u00eaches de la mer Baltique (BaltFish) <\/span>groupe d'experts en contr\u00f4le<\/span><\/a> a \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 de son application. Bien qu'il s'agisse d'une <\/span>des travaux suppl\u00e9mentaires sont n\u00e9cessaires pour d\u00e9velopper un mod\u00e8le gr\u00e2ce auquel les donn\u00e9es de l'ADN \u00e9lectronique peuvent fournir des estimations de la biomasse. Un tel syst\u00e8me permettrait d'estimer avec pr\u00e9cision la biomasse totale des esp\u00e8ces captur\u00e9es accessoirement, comme cela s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 av\u00e9r\u00e9 plus efficace que la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision en circuit ferm\u00e9, notamment pour identifier la pr\u00e9sence de saumons et de cabillauds dans les captures p\u00e9lagiques mixtes non tri\u00e9es. <\/span>Par cons\u00e9quent, ces tests devraient \u00eatre rendus obligatoires pour tous les d\u00e9barquements dans les ports class\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prises accessoires de saumon<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le saumon est une esp\u00e8ce commerciale de grande valeur dans la mer Baltique. Il est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 de multiples d\u00e9fis et a besoin de toute urgence d'une conservation et d'une gestion efficaces. Les prises accessoires de saumon dans les captures p\u00e9lagiques industrielles, importantes mais souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9es, constituent un sujet de pr\u00e9occupation majeur. Selon le groupe de travail du CIEM sur l'\u00e9valuation du saumon et de la truite de la Baltique (CIEM 2011, <\/span>WGBAST<\/span><\/a>), les estimations ont montr\u00e9 qu'environ 0,1% du total des captures peut \u00eatre constitu\u00e9 de saumon dans ces p\u00eacheries industrielles. Cela correspond \u00e0 environ 100 000 saumons par an. \u00c0 titre de comparaison, le quota total de saumon pour l'ensemble de la mer Baltique pour 2025 \u00e9tait d'environ 45 000 saumons. Les navires p\u00e9lagiques n'ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas de quota pour le saumon et il convient donc de leur interdire de p\u00eacher dans les zones o\u00f9 ils sont susceptibles de le capturer en tant que prise accessoire.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Il existe environ 40 stocks de saumon uniques le long de la c\u00f4te su\u00e9doise. Cependant, plusieurs de ces stocks sont en crise profonde, et nous avons r\u00e9cemment vu un certain nombre d'esp\u00e8ces de saumon en voie de disparition. <\/span>rapports alarmants sur les rivi\u00e8res<\/span><\/a> o\u00f9 la p\u00eache a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompue ou s\u00e9v\u00e8rement restreinte en raison de la faiblesse record des migrations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En ne recueillant pas de donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9cises sur les prises accessoires d'esp\u00e8ces commercialement et \u00e9cologiquement importantes telles que le saumon et le cabillaud, la Commission donne la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la p\u00eache industrielle sur la conservation des p\u00eacheries, ce qui compromet gravement l'avenir de la p\u00eache et privil\u00e9gie un segment de la flotte (la farine de poisson) tout en p\u00e9nalisant un autre (la consommation humaine) et les communaut\u00e9s qui en d\u00e9pendent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nous estimons qu'il est urgent d'appliquer des contr\u00f4les modernes, ind\u00e9pendants et efficaces \u00e0 la p\u00eache p\u00e9lagique et nous demandons instamment qu'un programme de contr\u00f4le bas\u00e9 sur l'ADN \u00e9lectronique soit mis en place sans d\u00e9lai.<\/b><\/p>\n

Nous demandons donc au gouvernement su\u00e9dois, qui pr\u00e9side actuellement l'organe de gestion r\u00e9gional Baltfish, de lancer d\u00e8s que possible une recommandation commune en ce sens au sein du groupe.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nous devons agir maintenant - nous avons les outils n\u00e9cessaires, et c'est une parodie que de continuer \u00e0 fermer les yeux sur ces importants poissons en voie de disparition et sur les cons\u00e9quences sociales qui en d\u00e9coulent.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans toute l'Union europ\u00e9enne, les p\u00eacheurs sont soumis \u00e0 des mesures de contr\u00f4le rigoureuses. Le capitaine doit d\u00e9clarer officiellement les captures estim\u00e9es, en termes de poids et d'esp\u00e8ces. Lorsque ces d\u00e9barquements sont contr\u00f4l\u00e9s, il existe une marge de tol\u00e9rance de 10% par esp\u00e8ce, bien que les captures en provenance de la Baltique b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d'une marge de 20%. Cette mesure s'inscrit dans le cadre des efforts europ\u00e9ens visant \u00e0 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"\nDisappearing Fish! Industrial catches for fishmeal in the Baltic are vanishing important bycatches of salmon - Life Platform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/fr\/disappearing-fish-industrial-catches-for-fishmeal-in-the-baltic-are-vanishing-important-bycatches-of-salmon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disappearing Fish! Industrial catches for fishmeal in the Baltic are vanishing important bycatches of salmon - Life Platform\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Across the EU, fishers face stringent control measures. The captain has to formally report\u00a0 estimated catches, in terms of weight and species. 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