{"id":21993,"date":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/?p=21993"},"modified":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:16:46","slug":"disappearing-fish-industrial-catches-for-fishmeal-in-the-baltic-are-vanishing-important-bycatches-of-salmon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifeplatform.eu\/es\/disappearing-fish-industrial-catches-for-fishmeal-in-the-baltic-are-vanishing-important-bycatches-of-salmon\/","title":{"rendered":"Peces que desaparecen Las capturas industriales para harina de pescado en el B\u00e1ltico hacen desaparecer importantes capturas accesorias de salm\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

En toda la UE, los pescadores se enfrentan a estrictas medidas de control. El capit\u00e1n tiene que notificar formalmente las capturas estimadas, en peso y especie. Cuando se controlan estos desembarques hay un margen de tolerancia de 10% por especie, aunque las capturas del B\u00e1ltico tienen un margen de 20%. Esto forma parte de los esfuerzos europeos por combatir la pesca ilegal y garantizar una notificaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s precisa de las capturas para la gesti\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

La UE adopt\u00f3 su nuevo<\/span> Reglamento de control de la pesca en 2024<\/span><\/a> con normas m\u00e1s estrictas de notificaci\u00f3n de capturas para todos los pescadores. Sin embargo, la Comisi\u00f3n ha eximido de la obligaci\u00f3n de declarar el margen de tolerancia a los buques con las capturas mixtas y no clasificadas m\u00e1s importantes, destinadas en su mayor\u00eda a f\u00e1bricas de harina de pescado y exportadas fuera de la Uni\u00f3n, <\/span>siempre que aterricen en uno de los siete Puertos Listados<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Todos estos puertos est\u00e1n situados en Estados miembros b\u00e1lticos, seis de ellos en Dinamarca y uno en Letonia. Dinamarca es el pa\u00eds de la UE con el mayor volumen de desembarques y la pesca no selectiva por parte de los arrastreros ha sido ahora incentivada a\u00fan m\u00e1s por la Comisi\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de las disposiciones sobre puertos enumerados.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan la Comisi\u00f3n, \u201cel margen de tolerancia es la diferencia m\u00e1xima permitida entre las estimaciones de capturas de los capitanes de los buques pesqueros y el peso real del pescado capturado. La excepci\u00f3n (de los puertos incluidos en la lista) permite a los operadores beneficiarse de un enfoque m\u00e1s flexible en la notificaci\u00f3n de capturas en los cuadernos diarios de pesca cuando desembarcan en puertos incluidos en la lista\u201d.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Como ya inform\u00f3 LIFE en este <\/span>art\u00edculo<\/span><\/a>, Sin embargo, esta exenci\u00f3n beneficia de forma desproporcionada a los grandes buques que desembarcan un gran volumen de capturas de escaso valor, especialmente los del sector de la harina de pescado, permiti\u00e9ndoles eludir unos requisitos de notificaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s estrictos. Este sistema injusto coloca a otros segmentos de la flota en una situaci\u00f3n de desventaja competitiva y plantea serias dudas sobre la transparencia y la sostenibilidad, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de que haya igualdad de condiciones en el sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

En la actualidad, la Comisi\u00f3n ha optado por recurrir a m\u00e9todos ineficaces para medir las capturas accesorias, un sistema de Seguimiento Electr\u00f3nico Remoto (REM) que utiliza c\u00e1maras de v\u00eddeo CCTV. Estos sistemas llevan muchos a\u00f1os en funcionamiento y no han demostrado su eficacia a la hora de notificar con precisi\u00f3n las capturas accesorias, por no hablar de analizar la composici\u00f3n por especies de las capturas de peque\u00f1os pel\u00e1gicos sin clasificar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

LIFE aboga por el uso de t\u00e9cnicas de control m\u00e1s eficaces y modernas, como el ADNe, para evaluar la composici\u00f3n por especies de las capturas pel\u00e1gicas mixtas no clasificadas. En el B\u00e1ltico, deber\u00eda utilizarse para controlar e identificar las capturas accesorias de bacalao y salm\u00f3n en particular.<\/span> DTU Aqua<\/span><\/a> ha llevado a cabo investigaciones y ensayos sobre esta tecnolog\u00eda durante varios a\u00f1os y el Foro Regional de Pesca del Mar B\u00e1ltico (BaltFish) <\/span>grupo de expertos de control<\/span><\/a> tambi\u00e9n ha debatido su aplicaci\u00f3n. Aunque <\/span>Es necesario un trabajo adicional para desarrollar un modelo a trav\u00e9s del cual los datos de ADNe puedan dar estimaciones de biomasa. Un sistema de este tipo permitir\u00eda estimar con precisi\u00f3n la biomasa total de las especies de capturas accesorias, como ya se ha demostrado que es m\u00e1s eficaz que el CCTV, especialmente para identificar la presencia de salm\u00f3n y bacalao en capturas pel\u00e1gicas mixtas sin clasificar. <\/span>Por lo tanto, dichas pruebas deber\u00edan ser obligatorias para todos los desembarques en los Puertos Listados.<\/span><\/p>\n

Capturas accesorias de salm\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

El salm\u00f3n es una valiosa especie comercial del B\u00e1ltico que se enfrenta a m\u00faltiples retos y necesita urgentemente una conservaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n eficaces. Un enorme motivo de preocupaci\u00f3n es la importante, pero a menudo ignorada, captura accidental de salm\u00f3n en las capturas pel\u00e1gicas industriales. Seg\u00fan el Grupo de Trabajo de Evaluaci\u00f3n del Salm\u00f3n y la Trucha del B\u00e1ltico del CIEM (CIEM 2011, <\/span>WGBAST<\/span><\/a>), las estimaciones han demostrado que alrededor del 0,1% de la captura total puede consistir en salm\u00f3n en estas pesquer\u00edas industriales. Esto corresponde aproximadamente a 100.000 salmones al a\u00f1o. En comparaci\u00f3n, la cuota total de salm\u00f3n para todo el Mar B\u00e1ltico para 2025 era de unos 45.000 salmones. Los buques pel\u00e1gicos no suelen tener cuota de salm\u00f3n, por lo que deber\u00eda prohib\u00edrseles pescar en zonas donde es probable que lo capturen de forma accesoria.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En la costa sueca hay unas 40 poblaciones \u00fanicas de salm\u00f3n. Sin embargo, varias de estas poblaciones se encuentran en una profunda crisis, y recientemente hemos asistido a una serie de <\/span>informes alarmantes de los r\u00edos<\/span><\/a> donde se ha interrumpido la pesca o se ha restringido gravemente debido a unas migraciones r\u00e9cord.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Al no recopilar datos precisos sobre las capturas accesorias de especies comercial y ecol\u00f3gicamente importantes como el salm\u00f3n y el bacalao, la Comisi\u00f3n est\u00e1 dando prioridad a la pesca industrial frente a la conservaci\u00f3n de las pesquer\u00edas, comprometiendo gravemente el futuro de la pesquer\u00eda y privilegiando a un segmento de la flota (la harina de pescado) mientras penaliza a otro (para consumo humano) y a las comunidades que dependen de \u00e9l.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Consideramos urgente que se apliquen controles modernos, independientes y eficaces a la pesca pel\u00e1gica e instamos a que se introduzca sin demora un programa de control basado en el ADN electr\u00f3nico.<\/b><\/p>\n

Por ello, pedimos al Gobierno sueco, que actualmente preside el organismo regional de gesti\u00f3n Baltfish, que lance lo antes posible una Recomendaci\u00f3n Conjunta al respecto en el seno del grupo.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Debemos actuar ya: tenemos las herramientas, y es una parodia seguir haciendo la vista gorda ante la desaparici\u00f3n de estos importantes peces y las consecuencias sociales derivadas.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En toda la UE, los pescadores se enfrentan a estrictas medidas de control. El capit\u00e1n tiene que notificar formalmente las capturas estimadas, en peso y especie. Cuando se controlan estos desembarques hay un margen de tolerancia de 10% por especie, aunque las capturas del B\u00e1ltico tienen un margen de 20%. Esto forma parte de los esfuerzos europeos para [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"yoast_head":"\nDisappearing Fish! 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